Characterisation of the Kratos Axis Ultra with spherical mirror analyser for XPS imaging

The imaging performance of an XPS instrument employing a spherical mirror electron energy analyser has been characterised by measuring the peak position, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and lineshape, at every pixel in the image, for different modes of operation. Changes in these parameters have been identified and recommendations made for quantification of, and chemical state determination from, spectrum image data sets. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spherical confinement of coulombic systems inside an impenetrable box: H atom and the Hulthén potential

The generalized pseudospectral method is used to study spherical confinement in two simple Coulombic systems: (i) well celebrated and heavily studied H atom (ii) relatively less explored Hulthén potential. In both instances, arbitrary cavity size as well as low and higher states are considered. Apart from bound state eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, expectation values, quite accurate estimates of the critical cage radius for H atom for all the 55 states corresponding to , are also examined. Some of the latter are better than previously reported values. Degeneracy and energy ordering under the isotropic confinement situation are discussed as well. The method produces consistently high‐quality results for both potentials for small as well as large cavity size. For the H atom, present results are comparable to best theoretical values, while for the latter, this work gives considerably better estimates than all existing work so far. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

New type of spherical pore Al alloy foam with low porosity and high strength

The Ultra Light Metal Structure with variouskinds of pores (open, close) realizes the lightness andmultifunction of structural material. The functionsinclude lightness (ρ < 1), high specific strength, highenergy absorption, sound insulation, heat insulationand electromagnetism shield. It is one of the hotspotsin material research nowadays[1— . The requirements 6]of high speed movement and high technology make Alalloy foam, which has higher specific st…     

A New Flow Instrument for Conductance Measurements at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: Measurements on NaCl(aq) to 458 K and 1.4 MPa

A new flow electrical conductance instrument was constructed and tested on dilute NaCl solutions up to 458 K, and on more concentrated solutions (maximum 0.436 mol⋅kg⁻¹) at 373 K. The results of the new instrument agreed with those of previous authors within the estimated experimental errors. The model of Bernard et al. (J. Phys. Chem. 96, 3833–3840 (1992), MSA) was found to represent the high-temperature results without introducing an ion-pairing equilibrium constant. The Fuoss–Hsia conductance equation as given by Fernandez-Prini was found to represent the dilute concentrations with Λ° (NaCl) as the only adjustable parameter. It was found that Λ° (NaCl) could be expressed as a function of solvent viscosity and density by using three parameters found by regression of literature results between 278.15 and 523 K. This equation along with the FHFP theory permits the equivalent conductivity of dilute sodium chloride solutions to be calculated within the accuracy of the existing experimental measurements.     

碳酸钙微米球的制备与表征

采用醋酸钙和碳酸钠为原料,在反应温度为5℃和柠檬酸三钠质量百分浓度为15%的条件下,采用沉淀法合成出了粒度为1～4μm、分散性好的球形碳酸钙粉体。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(IR)、原子力扫描探针显微镜(ASPM)、光学显微镜、粒度分析仪等对样品进行了表征,并用光学显微镜跟踪考察了碳酸钙微米球的形成过程。结果表明,碳酸钙微米球是由大量纳米级颗粒组装而成。     

Structure,Chirality, and Formation of Giant Icosahedral Fullerenes and Spherical Graphitic Onions

We describe the topology, structure, and stability of giant fullerenes exhibiting various symmetries (I, I _h , D _2h , T). Our results demonstrate that it is possible to create two new families of nested chiral icosahedral (I) fullerenes namely C₂₆₀@C₅₆₀@C₉₈₀@C₁₅₂₀@, ...,and C₁₄₀@C₃₈₀@C₇₄₀@C₁₂₂₀@ ..., which exhibit interlayer separations of ca. 3.4 Å. These chiral fullerenes are thought to possess metalliclike conduction properties. We discuss in detail the transformation of polyhedral graphitic particles into quasispherical nested giant fullerenes by reorganization of carbon atoms, which result in the formation of additional pentagonal and heptagonal carbon rings. These spherical structures are metastable and we believe they could be formed under extreme conditions, such as those produced by high-energy electron irradiation. There is circumstantial experimental evidence for the presence of heptagonal rings within these spherical fullerenes.     

Zero-ϕeff non-Bragg gap solitons in 1D Kerr polaritonic/metamaterial heterostructures

A theoretical study of one-dimensional heterostructures composed of alternate layers of a Kerr polaritonic material and a linear dispersive metamaterial is performed. For frequency values at the edges of the non-Bragg zero-ϕ_eff gap of the heterostructure in the linear regime, a switching from very low to high transmission states is obtained and localized gap solitons of various orders are found, depending on the particular value of the incident power. Soliton solutions are shown to be robust with respect to absorption effects and a study is presented for gap soliton phases at the top and bottom of the zero-ϕ_eff gap in the case of defocusing and focusing nonlinearities.     

Sets of uniqueness for spherically convergent multiple trigonometric series

A subset of the -dimensional torus is called a set of uniqueness, or -set, if every multiple trigonometric series spherically converging to outside vanishes identically. We show that all countable sets are -sets and also that sets are -sets for every . In particular, , where is the Cantor set, is an set and hence a -set. We will say that is a -set if every multiple trigonometric series spherically Abel summable to outside and having certain growth restrictions on its coefficients vanishes identically. The above-mentioned results hold also for sets. In addition, every -set has measure , and a countable union of closed -sets is a -set.