Photochemical properties and structures ofN-amino andN-azomethine derivatives of 2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium perchlorates

The molecular structures of the initial compounds and the products of photocyclization involving amino and azomethine groups in perchlorates ofN-amino (1) andN-azomethine (2) derivatives of 2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium cations were studied. Cations1 and2 have an essentially non-coplanar arrangement of the -Ph rings, and the product of photocyclization of2, cation3, is characterized by a flattened structure. It was found that the orientation of the lone electron pair of the N atom with respect to one of the planes of the -Ph rings in molecule1 is more favorable for monocyclization involving the amino group. The structure of molecule2 allows two routes of the photoreaction,viz., O N proton transfer and monocyclization with an -Ph ring. However, the structural features of molecule2 are more favorable for photocyclization.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 296–301, February, 1995.     

Photoelectron spectroscopy of mono and binuclear iron and chromium cyclooctatetraene complexes

The ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of mono and binuclear cyclooctatetraene (COT) complexes (CO)₃FeCOT (I) [(CO)₃Fe]₂COT (II), CpCrCOT (Cp: 1,3 cyclopentadienyl) (III) and (CpCr)₂COT (IV) are reported. The interpretation of the low energy part of the spectra is followed by a discussion concerning the metal–ligand (COT) and metal–metal interactions. The calculated gas phase structure of CpCrCOT is presented and its main features are discussed.     

Synthesis of the first stable carborane containing simple enol

A carborane-containing stable simple enol — 1-2-isopropyl-o-carboran-I-yl)-1-phenyl2-mesityl-2-lrydroxyctlrylcne — has been synthesized. This enol does not isomerize to the starting ketone or keto-enol mixture even after prolonged heating in benzene in the presence of CF₃COOH.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1561–1563, June, 1996.     

Effect of ionic additives on the elution of sodium aryl sulfonates in supercritical fluid chromatography

Addition of a small amount of polar solvent (i.e., modifier) to CO2 in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has shown major improvements in both polar analyte solubility and interaction of the polar analyte with the stationary phase. Recently, the addition of an ionic component (i.e., additive) to the primary modifier by one of us has been shown to extend even further the application of SFC to polar analytes. In this work, the effect of various ionic additives on the elution of ionic compounds, such as sodium 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium 4-octylbenene sulfonate, has been studied. The additives were lithium acetate, ammonium acetate, tetramethylammonium acetate, tetrabutylammonium acetate, and ammonium chloride dissolved in methanol. Three stationary phases with different degrees of deactivation were considered: conventional cyanopropyl, deltabond cyanopropyl, and bare silica. The effect of additive concentration and additive functionality on analyte retention was investigated. Sodium 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonate was successfully eluted using all the additives with good peak shape under isocratic/isobaric/isothermal conditions. Different additives, however, yielded different retention times and in some cases different peak shapes.     

The crystal structure of CuVo3(II), a high-pressure ilmenite phase

The crystal structure of a second high-pressure copper vanadate phase, CuVO₃(II), has been determined and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures using automatic diffractometer data to a residual R = 0.042 (R_w = 0.051). The space group is rhombohedral, $\text{R}\text{3}$, with hexagonal unit cell a = 4.966(2) and c = 14.084(5) Å [a_R = 5.501(2) Å and α = 53.66(3)°]. The structure is the fully ordered ilmenite-type and, on the basis of published magnetic data and the interatomic distances, the valence distribution Cu⁺V⁵⁺O₃ is proposed. This represents a unique example of Cu⁺ in an octahedral environment.     

Volume and compressibility changes of complex formation between 18-Crown-6 and NaCl,KCl, and CsCl in water

The apparent molal volumes and compressibilities of NaCl, KCl, and CsCl in mixtures of 18-Crown-6 and water have been calculated from density and speed-of-sound measurements at 25°C. The partial molal volumes and compressibilities of the salts when all cations have formed complexes with 18-Crown-6 molecules have been evaluated. The sign and magnitude of the volume and compressibility changes of complex formation strongly suggest that the charge of the cation becomes very effectively screened by the crown ether.     

Experimental and theoretical study of vibrational spectra and structure of dihalogermylene and dihalostannylene complexes with 1,4-dioxane and triphenylphosphine

Vibrational (Raman and IR) spectra of the 1:1 complexes of dihalogermylene and dihalostannylene with 1,4-dioxane and PPh₃ have been reported, the structures of the complexes Cl₂Ge·C₄H₈O₂ and Cl₂Ge·PPh₃ updated using high-resolution X-ray method. Quantum-chemistry calculations of the geometry and normal mode frequencies and eigenvectors were carried out for some of the complexes. The results show that in the structure of the polymeric solid complexes of X₂M with 1,4-dioxane, intermolecular coordination XM plays a prominent role, whereas the corresponding complexes with PPh₃ are monomeric. In the vibrational spectra of all the complexes, an inversion of symmetric and antisymmetric stretching νXM (X=Cl, Br; M=Ge, Sn) frequencies, found for ‘free’ X₂M^II particles, still persists, suggesting that the X₂M moieties preserve their specifity as carbene analogues also in the complexes.     

Preparation of apolar glass capillary columns by the barium carbonate procedure

As an extension of previous reports, the barium carbonate procedure has been optimized in detail for the preparation of apolar columns. The aim was to produce optimum overall column characteristics, and to maintain them unchanged under the prolonged influence of the highest possible temperature. The main parameters under optimization were glass variety, leaching of glass surface with aqueous HCl, and amount of barium carbonate deposited, while deactivation and coating were kept constant. The basic column characteristics were adsorption properties and thermostability of deactivation, acid/base behaviour and separation efficiency. They were determined by a new, quantitative testing procedure. Intense leaching was able to eliminate almost totally the differences between glass varieties and to create a well-defined glass surface. While untreated glass, leached glass, and barium carbonate treated glass showed specific weak points in the respective column quality, the combination of leaching and barium carbonate treatment yielded the highest and most stable quality. Some technical modifications of the preparation procedure are described, including deactivation in the gas phase, and use of pentane as a solvent for static coating.     

Hydrogenation of ethyl esters of 4-phenyl-and (2-furyl)-substituted 2,4-dioxobutyric acids at palladium black

The hydrogenation of ethyl 4-R-2,4-dioxobutyrates (R = phenyl, 2-furyl) at 5% Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst, modified with cinchonidine, and at palladium black was investigated. The former had low activity under the conditions we tested. The main products during the hydrogenation of these compounds at palladium black are ethyl 4-R-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutyrates. The yield of the phenyl derivative amounts to 68.5%, while the yield of the corresponding 2-furyl derivative amounts to 97%. In the last case ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)butyrate was detected as impurity. The optimum conditions for the formation of ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyrate (yield 88.2%) were determined. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 655–659, May, 2006.     

Protection of immobilized sulfhydryl groups against autooxidation by alterations in their microenvironment

Immobilized sulfhydryl groups were prepared by partial thiolation of NH₂-glass beads. The microenvironment of the immobilized SH groups was varied by different chemical modifications of neighboring NH₂ groups. Introduction of a strong charge in the surroundings of immobilized sulfhydryls results in their dramatic stabilization against autooxidation. This effect is due to the salting of O₂ from the surface microlayer of the thiolated beads.