毫瓦计──功率变化量测量仪

本文介绍的毫瓦计是测量陀螺马达轴承摩擦力矩稳定性的一种新型仪器，为该仪器专门设计了功率测量和变化量测量方案，其优点是测量精度高、简单、可靠、实用性强。     

考虑事故风险损失的爆炸物品经济订货批量模型研究

爆炸物品在储存过程中存在发生爆炸事故,从而给人类和环境带来伤害的可能,因此在对爆炸物品进行采购决策时必需考虑由此带来的风险损失.在给出爆炸物品事故风险损失度量方法的基础上,建立了爆炸物品的经济订货批量模型,证明了模型存在唯一最优解,并给出了模型的求解步骤,为相关企业合理制定采购决策提供了理论依据.数字算例分析了事故概率、赔偿标准、单位库存费、单次采购费对最优批量的影响,比较了考虑事故风险损失与否时的最优批量,结果表明,当事故概率或赔偿标准较高时,两者对应的最优批量差异明显.这也说明,当事故概率或赔偿标准达到一定程度时,考虑事故风险损失是十分必要的.     

Lot‐sizing policies for deterioration items under two‐level trade credit with partial trade credit to credit‐risk retailer and limited storage capacity

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the optimal wholesaler's replenishment decisions for deterioration items under two levels of the trade credit policy and two storage facilities in order to reflect the supply chain management situation within the economic order quantity framework. In this study, each of the following assumptions have been made: (1) The own warehouse with limited capacity always is not sufficient to store the order quantity, so that a rented warehouse is needed to store the excess units over the capacity of the own warehouse; (2) The wholesaler always obtains the partial trade credit, which is independent of the order quantity offered by the supplier, but the wholesaler offers the full trade credit to the retailer; (3) The wholesaler must take a loan to pay his or her supplier the partial payment immediately when the order is received and then pay off the loan with the entire revenue. Under these three conditions, the wholesaler can obtain the least costs. Furthermore, this study models the wholesaler's optimal replenishment decisions under the aforementioned conditions in the supply chain management. Two theorems are developed to efficiently determine the optimal replenishment decisions for the wholesaler. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the theorems that are proven in this study, and the sensitivity analysis with respect to the major parameters in this study is performed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

数量折扣契约下基于成本分担的供应链突发事件协调应对

突发事件会增加供应链成本,如何进行成本分担是决定供应链能否协调应对突发事件的重要因素.用参数分别描述市场需求剧增时增加的生产成本和市场需求剧减时发生的多余产品处理成本,在数量折扣契约基础上,研究突发事件发生后制造商的最优批发价格和零售商的最优订货量,分析其影响因素比较突发事件发生前后包括市场剧增与市场剧减两种情况下的差异,并给出了数值算例.结果表明,成本分担系数和市场需求分布及其变化都会影响最优批发价格和最优订货量,只要根据市场需求变化相应调整契约参数并合理分担由突发事件增加的成本,通过数量折扣契约供应链就能够协调应对突发事件.     

关于离散热传导物理模型的探讨

本文从热传导离散物理模型上论证了集中质量热容矩阵模型可以在离散点上满足热量守恒定律，采用它就可以避免许多热传导时间积分中的不合理现象。几个算例表明了该模型具有良好的精度。     

An EOQ model for salesmen’s initiatives, stock and price sensitive demand of similar products - A dynamical system

The paper deals with an inventory model to determine the retailer’s optimal order quantity for similar products. It is assumed that the amount of display space is limited and the demand of the products depends on the display stock level where more stock of one product makes a negative impression of the another product. Besides it, the demand rate is also dependent on selling price and salesmen’s initiatives. Also, the replenishment rate depends on the level of stock of the items. The objective of the model is to maximize the profit function, including the effect of inflation and time value of money by Pontryagin’s Maximal Principles. The stability analysis of the concerned dynamical system has been done analytically.     

The derivation of EOQ/EPQ inventory models with two backorders costs using analytic geometry and algebra

The EOQ model will have a century of its discovery in two years, and recently still, many researchers have been using alternative approaches to model and solve inventory systems. The EOQ/EPQ models have been developed using different optimization methods. However, in many of the works that deal with the EOQ/EPQ with backorders only linear backorders cost is considered. This paper proposes another easy method which uses basic concepts of analytic geometric and algebra. The proposed method finds the optimal lot size and backorders level considering both linear and fixed backorders costs. Additionally, this paper presents a review of the different optimization methods utilized in inventory theory.     

Discrete-time orthogonal spline collocation methods for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with wave operator

In this paper, discrete-time orthogonal spline collocation schemes are proposed for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with wave operator. These schemes are constructed by using orthogonal spline collocation approaches combined with finite difference methods. The conservative property, the convergence, and the stability of these methods are theoretically analyzed and also verified by extensive numerical experiments. In addition, some interesting phenomena which require further theoretical analysis are discussed numerically.     

石油钻井物料清单的随机数量模型研究

针对石油钻井物料投资大、物料消耗随机不确定、管理控制难的现状,本文通过构建石油钻井物料清单,提出以石油钻井物料损耗数量为随机变量,按钻井开次分阶段计算方式,分别采用期望值和渴望水平原则方法,构建石油钻井物料清单的随机数量模型。该模型的建立与应用,为石油钻井企业缩短物资供应周期、降低库存成本,实现钻井物料供应的优化管理提供了辅助支持。     

保兑仓模式下银行承兑汇票最优承诺费率研究

本文从汇票承诺费率的角度探索银行承兑汇票承诺费的减免对银行利润的影响。通过建立零售商、制造商和银行的利润模型并依次分析零售商订货量、制造商对融资模式的选择和银行汇票承诺费率,结果发现,保兑仓模式下订货量低于赊销模式,但制造商提前贴现汇票能冲抵订货量的劣势,对银行而言,将汇票承诺费率降低至临界值以下才能使保兑仓模式优于赊销而成为制造商的选择,最优汇票承诺费率是银行利润函数求解基础上考虑赊销与保兑仓模式竞争关系的结果。银行为执行“减税降费”政策而减免汇票承诺费有利于增加保兑仓业务量,同时也有利于提高供应链效率。