浊点萃取技术的应用

浊点萃取是近年发展起来的一种新兴的萃取技术。重点阐述了浊点萃取在环境样品、生物样品和食品工业分析中的应用,总结了浊点萃取技术的优点,指出了存在的问题,探讨了该技术的发展前景。     

轻工业纤维素生物质过程残渣能源化技术

以农产品为原料的轻工业大都是典型的流程工业,在通过转化过程将原料转化为食品、饮料、添加剂、调味料、纸和中成药等产品的同时产生被称为过程残渣的固体废物与废料,如白酒糟、酒精糟、醋糟、甘蔗渣、中药渣、油粕、酱渣、菌渣和造纸黑液可熔渣等.这些残渣产生于特定的生产过程,富含纤维素、蛋白质或木质素,因此代表一种已经被集中的生物质资源.它们同时含水50%-80%、易腐烂变质、甚至呈弱酸碱性,因此是重要的环境污染源.本文着眼于轻工生物质过程残渣的高值化利用,分析指出富含纤维素的白酒糟、醋糟、甘蔗渣、中药渣、茶渣和造纸边角料等适合作为生物质能源而被转化利用,并根据资源特征提出了可能的技术路线.通过分别对热化学路线涉及的脱水干燥、燃烧发电与气化发电技术和集成乙醇发酵、沼气发酵的复合转化技术进行技术综述,最后针对不同规模的富含纤维素轻工生物质过程残渣能源化提供了技术选择建议.     

从电子工业“脊梁”到全面开花的镓元素

镓是第一个根据化学元素周期律预言并在自然界中证实的元素，是室温下电导率和热导率均为最大的液态物质，镓在电子工业中得到了广泛应用，被誉为电子工业“脊梁”。近十几年来，镓的更多应用潜力被发掘出来，在电子工业、散热、增材制造、柔性机器、生物医学等领域均有重要的应用前景。     

检验检测服务模式研究

检验检测服务模式发展滞后于检验检测行业发展的重要原因之一就是缺乏针对于服务模式的理论定义。采用概念分析法,以服务模式的定义和检验检测行业的服务特点为逻辑,研究了相关的代表性理论,认为服务模式主要由服务的基本要素和服务的商业模式两方面的内容组成,并深入探讨了检验检测的服务模式,提出了构建检验检测服务模式这一概念的重要意义。     

Branched plasticizers derived from eugenol via green polymerization for low/non-migration and externally/internally plasticized polyvinyl chloride materials

The synthesis of nontoxic plasticizers derived from the waste residues of the rosin-processing industry can reduce pollution and promote the high-value utilization of the waste residues of rosin. In this study, four kinds of sustainable branched plasticizers derived from a biomass resource, eugenol (derived from the waste residues of the rosin processing industry), were synthesized via one-pot solvent free polymerization and used to plasticize polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Internally plasticized PVC was fabricated using thiolated DPE (branched plasticizers based on eugenol). The thermal stability, tensile properties, microstructure, volatility behavior, and solvent extraction resistance of plasticized PVC were investigated. Compared with the behavior of the commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate, the thermal stability, plasticizing efficiency, and migration resistance of the branched plasticizers are superior. The acute oral toxicity dose of each branched plasticizer was extremely high at 5000 mg/kg of body weight, with no deaths among test animals. Compared with externally plasticized PVC, the internally plasticized PVC showed zero weight loss in volatility and leaching tests despite its less effective plasticization. All the branched plasticizers have potential application in plastic products.     

Co3O4/UiO-66@α-Al2O3陶瓷膜对VOCs废气的分离催化性能

以α-Al₂O₃为支撑层, UiO-66为分离层, Co₃O₄为催化层, 构建了Co₃O₄/UiO-66@α-Al₂O₃陶瓷膜.对其形貌结构进行了表征, 并研究了其对挥发性有机物(VOCs)的分离催化性能. 结果表明, 该陶瓷膜对喷涂行业废气中苯与吡啶两种主要成分体现出良好的分离性, 透过侧的气体中吡啶与苯的摩尔浓度比值可由给料侧的1提高至17; 体系中引入臭氧后, 给料侧苯的浓度明显降低, 其去除率可达到89%. 透过侧的吡啶去除率仅为27%, 得到了较大程度的保留, 剩余的吡啶经收集后可进行单独的深度处理. Co₃O₄/UiO-66@α-Al₂O₃陶瓷膜在对喷涂行业废气中苯成分高效降解的同时, 能够有效解决喷涂行业废气处理过程中氮氧化物的排放问题, 有望成为喷涂行业废气预处理工艺的理想选择.     

Flotation-spectrophotometric method for the determination of mercury using iodide and brilliant green

This paper describes a sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of mercury, based on the flotation of a mercury iodide-brilliant green complex with cyclohexane at pH 5 and dissolution of the complex in acetone. The absorbance of the complex is measured at 625 nm. Beer's law is obeyed from 4–500 g/l of mercury. The method is highly sensitive ( = 5.96 × 10⁵ 1 mol^–1 cm^–1) and selective, as it is free from interferences by almost all cations and anions in the presence of EDTA. Furthermore, a two-level orthogonal array design as a chemometric method has been used for optimization of the various parameters involved. The method has been successfully applied to paper industry effluents.     

基于洗涤品生产的化工实训课程设计*

为适应地方院校应用型转型发展的要求,结合化工专业特色,设计了基于洗涤品生产的校内化工实训课程。该课程内容丰富、可操作性强。内容涵盖了配方设计、小试实验、生产操作、产品罐装、性能测试、安全教育等环节。课程采用教、学、做、产一体化的教学模式,运行效果显著,可激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的科研思维与实践创新能力。     

服役温度对多壁碳纳米管/Li1.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52O2复合正极材料性能的影响

通过煅烧的方式制得多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)质量分数为3%的MWCNT/Li1.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52O2锂离子电池复合正极材料,并测试了复合正极材料在不同服役温度环境下的电化学性能:-20和60℃下服役时,其放电容量分别高达169、303 mAh·g^-1,且展示出良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。结合电化学阻抗测试结果可知,MWCNT均匀附着在层状粒子的表面,有效减少了电解液对电极材料的侵蚀,阻碍了表面膜的生成,同时提高了材料的电子电导率。     

Recent breakthroughs of antibacterial and antiviral protective polymeric materials during COVID-19 pandemic and after pandemic: Coating,packaging, and textile applications

The global epidemic owing to COVID-19 has generated awareness to ensuring best practices for avoiding the microorganism spread. Indeed, because of the increase in infections caused by bacteria and viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the global demand for antimicrobial materials is growing. New technologies by using polymeric systems are of great interest. Virus transmission by contaminated surfaces leads to the spread of infectious diseases, so antimicrobial coatings are significant in this regard. Moreover, antimicrobial food packaging is beneficial to prevent the spread of microorganisms during food processing and transportation. Furthermore, antimicrobial textiles show an effective role. We aim to provide a review of prepared antimicrobial polymeric materials for use in coating, food packaging, and textile during the COVID-19 pandemic and after pandemic.