CUT ELIMINATION FOR PROPOSITIONAL DYNAMIC LOGIC WITHOUT

The aim of this paper is to extend the semantic analysis of tense logic in Rescher/Urquhart [3] to propositional dynamic logic without*. For this we develop a nested sequential calculus whose axioms and rules directly reflect the steps in the semantic analysis. It is shown that this calculus, with the cut rule omitted, is complete with respect to the standard semantics. It follows that cut elimination does hold for this nested sequential calculus. MSC: 03B45.     

区域科技创新能力的灰色关联综合评价研究

采用灰色关联度确定权重的多目标决策方法,根据科技创新能力相关的数据指标集,对我国八大经济区科技创新能力给予了综合评价和排序.这种定量确定权重的方法,为综合评价区域的创新能力提供了一种更为实用、简洁、可操作性的新方法.     

Productive Coreflective Classes in Top

If sequential cardinals do not exist then every topological space is generated from a converging sequence by using finite products, disjoint sums and quotients. The author acknowledges the support of the grants MSM 0021620839 and GAČR 201/06/0933 of Czech Republic.     

On Sequential Separability

A new criterion for the sequential separability of the space C(X) of continuous real-valued functions on X in the topology of simple convergence is obtained.     

Liberating the Subgradient Optimality Conditions from Constraint Qualifications

In convex optimization the significance of constraint qualifications is evidenced by the simple duality theory, and the elegant subgradient optimality conditions which completely characterize a minimizer. However, the constraint qualifications do not always hold even for finite dimensional optimization problems and frequently fail for infinite dimensional problems. In the present work we take a broader view of the subgradient optimality conditions by allowing them to depend on a sequence of ε-subgradients at a minimizer and then by letting them to hold in the limit. Liberating the optimality conditions in this way permits us to obtain a complete characterization of optimality without a constraint qualification. As an easy consequence of these results we obtain optimality conditions for conic convex optimization problems without a constraint qualification. We derive these conditions by applying a powerful combination of conjugate analysis and ε-subdifferential calculus. Numerical examples are discussed to illustrate the significance of the sequential conditions.     

An Approach to NMR Assignment of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

An efficient approach to NMR assignments in intrinsically disordered proteins is presented, making use of the good dispersion of cross peaks observed in [¹⁵N,¹³C′]‐ and [¹³C′,¹H^N]‐correlation spectra. The method involves the simultaneous collection of {3D (H)NCO(CAN)H and 3D (HACA)CON(CA)HA} spectra for backbone assignments via sequential H^N and H^α correlations and {3D (H)NCO(CACS)HS and 3D (HS)CS(CA)CO(N)H} spectra for side‐chain ¹H and ¹³C assignments, employing sequential ¹H data acquisitions with direct detection of both the amide and aliphatic protons. The efficacy of the approach for obtaining resonance assignments with complete backbone and side‐chain chemical shifts is demonstrated experimentally for the 61‐residue [¹³C,¹⁵N]‐labelled peptide of a voltage‐gated potassium channel protein of the Kv1.4 channel subunit. The general applicability of the approach for the characterisation of moderately sized globular proteins is also demonstrated.     

Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) Reaction Derived Nitroallylic Alcohols,Acetates and Amines as Synthons in Organocatalysis and Heterocycle Synthesis

The Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction is one of the most useful and efficient protocols for constructing new carbon–carbon bonds between an activated olefin and electrophiles in the presence of a tertiary amine/phosphine. Herein, we present the use of MBH alcohols, which are obtained from the reaction of nitrostyrenes with aldehydes, as well as acetates and amines derived thereof in several organocatalytic transformations. Densely functionalised MBH adducts can also be used to synthesise substituted heteroaromatic compounds, such as furan, pyrrole, pyrazole and imidazole derivatives.     

Advanced online mass spectrometry detection of proteins separated by capillary isoelectric focusing after sequential injection

Capillary isoelectric focusing hyphenated with mass spectrometry detection, following the sequential injection of the carrier ampholytes and the sample zone, is highly efficient for the characterization of proteins. The main advantage of the sequential injection protocol is that ampholytes, with pH ranges, which are not supposed to cover the isoelectric points of the sample components, can be used for separation. The method then allows online mass spectrometry detection of separated analytes either in the absence (substances that have left the pH gradient) or in the presence of low‐level ampholytes (substances that are migrating within the pH gradient). The appearance of the substances within, or outside the pH gradient depends on, e.g., the composition of the ampholytes (broad or narrow pH range) or on the composition of electrolyte solutions. The experiments performed in coated capillaries (with polyvinyl alcohol or with polyacrylamide) show that the amount and the injection length of the ampholytes influence the length of the pH gradient formed in the capillary.     

Automated in-syringe single-drop head-space micro-extraction applied to the determination of ethanol in wine samples

A novel approach of head-space single-drop micro-extraction applied to the determination of ethanol in wine is presented. For the first time, the syringe of an automated syringe pump was used as an extraction chamber of adaptable size for a volatile analyte. This approach enabled to apply negative pressure during the enrichment step, which favored the evaporation of the analyte. Placing a slowly spinning magnetic stirring bar inside the syringe, effective syringe cleaning as well as mixing of the sample with buffer solution to suppress the interference of acetic acid was achieved.