硝酸铵的一种敏化技术

介绍一种在表面活性剂作用下，采用真空改性结晶技术，制备膨松、轻质和多微孔隙硝酸铵的方法。用该硝酸铵混制的铵木油炸药，具有良好的起爆和传爆性能、作功能力大、爆速高，是一种可以取代铵梯炸药，适宜于工业生产和广泛用于工程爆破的炸药。     

利用水下爆炸法评价火炸药爆炸危险性的研究

本文提供了一种测定火炸药冲击感度,并根据测定值判定其冲击爆炸危险性的新方法测定水下爆炸气泡能法。通过对30几种炸药的试用,判定的结果与文献报道的用其他方法判定的结果相当好的一致。而且本法的优点还在于同时可得到试样的动、静态威力,操作简便、安全、噪音小。此外,利用本试验法还探讨了炸药形态、惰性介质(水)对冲击感度的影响。这些对于处理炸药时应如何采取安全对策具有指导意义。     

Materials Sensitive to the Type of Process

Several effects associated with the sensitivity of materials to various processes have been long known. Among such processes are: tension or compression; torsion in different directions; various stress combinations, etc. (sensitivity to the type of loading); stretching or compression, etc. (sensitivity to the type of deformation); creep or relaxation, processes with different strain rates, etc. (sensitivity to the type of rheological processes). There are many successful propositions as to how to model these types of sensitivity for every particular case. This presentation proposes a new approach to generalize all these events using a unified model. The model is based on introducing an extended space of events, including stress and strain subspaces, and time scale (or the well-known internal time scale). Some subspaces with single-type processes ought to be identified. In every single-type process, a subspace of one material model is preferable. Of special importance is the transition from one subspace to another. Under various experimentally examined conditions, it is possible to introduce some simplified quadratic surfaces of constant stress and strain states (measured from their intensities at fixed time points). This approach is applied to various characteristic cases. The important issue of solving the system of equations that describes the behavior of a material in case of complex multi-type processes is discussed     

复振型导数计算的移位多次模态加速法

本文研究了含粘性阻尼结构的复振型导数计算问题，将导数计算问题看成是一个简谐激振的响应计算问题，采用多次模态加速法和移位法，导出了复振型导数计算的移位多次模态加速法。该方法具有明确的数学和物理意义，可导出已有的各种计算方法。算例表明本方法计算复振型导数只需用很少几个模态即可保证精度，计算量大大减少。     

PBX颗粒力学性质对其撞击感度影响的初步研究

利用自行研制的应力测试系统研究了在机械撞击作用下粉状塑料粘结炸药(PBX)的表现。结果表明,由不同的聚氨酯(PU)溶液处理黑索今(RDX)得到的混和炸药PU-RDX,在机械撞击作用下给出的应力-时间曲线是多样的。而且PU-RDX的机械撞击感度随出现第二个应力峰的时间比(指不同的PU-RDX第二应力峰出现时间和仪器在空打时相应时间比)的增大,有下降的趋势。该时间比在一定程度上代表了粉状PU-RDX的塑性。研究在机械撞击作用下PBX的应力-时间特性有助于理解钝感炸药的机理、改进有关的工艺。     

惯性平台台体结构实验模态参数识别及灵敏度分析

惯性平台台体的动态特性直接决定着惯性仪表的工作精度和可靠性，模态分析是研究机械系统动态特性的主要方法之一。在概述了实验模态分析理论的基础上，建立了某型号平台台体结构的实验模型，对其进行了实验模态分析。通过对实验结果与有限元计算结果比较，验证了有限元结果较为准确；同时针对结构存在的问题，通过灵敏度分析对结构的动力修改提出了改进意见。     

多体系统动力学设计灵敏度分析直接微分法

针对受完整约束的多体系统动力学微分／代数方程数学模型动态最优化设计问题，建立了通用的目标函数和约束方程，并以此为基础，用直接微分方法系统地推导出了计算设计灵敏度的通用公式，最后通过平面机械臂模型对理论结果和相应算法进行了验证．     

A New Fluorescence Turn-On Probe for Aluminum(III) with High Selectivity and Sensitivity,and its Application to Bioimaging

The development of novel selective probes with high sensitivity for the detection of Al³⁺ is widely considered an important research goal due to the importance of such probes in medicine, living systems and the environment. Here, we describe a new fluorescent probe, N′-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (1), for Al³⁺. Probe 1 was evaluated in a solution of acetonitrile/water (1:1 v/v). Compared with previously reported probes for Al³⁺, probe 1 can be synthesized easily and in high yield. A Job plot confirmed that probe 1 is able to complex Al³⁺ in a 1:1 ratio, and the binding constant was determined to be 4.25×10⁸ m⁻¹. Moreover, the detection limit was as low as 6.7×10⁻⁹ m, suggesting that probe 1 has a high sensitivity. Common coexistent metal ions, such as K⁺, Co²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, Ce²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Fe³⁺, showed little or no interference in the detection of Al³⁺ in solution, demonstrating the high selectivity of the probe. Finally, the ability of probe 1 to act as a fluorescent probe for Al³⁺ in living systems was evaluated in Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed its utility. The results of this study suggest that 1 has appropriate properties to be developed for application as a fluorescent probe of Al³⁺ for use in biological studies.     

Solar‐Energy‐Driven Photoelectrochemical Biosensing Using TiO2 Nanowires

Photoelectrochemical sensing represents a unique means for chemical and biological detection, with foci of optimizing semiconductor composition and electronic structures, surface functionalization layers, and chemical detection methods. Here, we have briefly discussed our recent developments of TiO₂ nanowire‐based photoelectrochemical sensing, with particular emphasis on three main detection mechanisms and corresponding examples. We have also demonstrated the use of the photoelectrochemical sensing of real‐time molecular reaction kinetic measurements, as well as direct interfacing of living cells and probing of cellular functions.     

Combining field‐amplified sample stacking with moving reaction boundary electrophoresis on a paper chip for the preconcentration and separation of metal ions

A common drawback of paper‐based separation devices is their poor detection limit. In this study, we combined field‐amplified sample stacking with moving reaction boundary electrophoresis on a paper chip with six array channels for the parallel separation and concentration of multiple samples. With a new hyphenated technique, the brown I₂ from the Fe³⁺/I⁻ oxidation–reduction reaction emerged near the boundary between the dilute ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and potassium iodide and highly concentrated KCl solutions. For the separation and concentration of three components, Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺, and Fe³⁺, the Fe³⁺ detection limit was improved at least 266‐fold by comparing the hyphenated technique with moving reaction boundary electrophoresis. The detection limit of Fe³⁺ was found to be as low as 0.34 ng (20 μM) on the paper chip. We also demonstrated the analysis of a real sample of four metal ions, with detection limits as follows: 0.16 μg Cr³⁺, 1.5 μg Ni²⁺, 0.64 μg Cu²⁺, and 1.5 μg Co²⁺. The synergy of field‐amplified sample stacking and moving reaction boundary electrophoresis in the micron paper‐based array channels dramatically improved the detection limit and throughput of paper‐based electrophoresis.