Experiment and modeling of exit-selecting behaviors during a building evacuation

The evacuation process in a teaching building with two neighboring exits is investigated by means of experiment and modeling. The basic parameters such as flow, density and velocity of pedestrians in the exit area are measured. The exit-selecting phenomenon in the experiment is analyzed, and it is found that pedestrians prefer selecting the closer exit even though the other exit is only a little far. In order to understand the phenomenon, we reproduce the experiment process with a modified biased random walk model, in which the preference of closer exit is achieved using the drift direction and the drift force. Our simulation results afford a calibrated value of the drift force, especially when it is 0.56, there is good agreement between the simulation results and the experimental results on the number of pedestrians selecting the closer exit, the average velocity through the exits, the cumulative distribution of the instantaneous velocity and the fundamental diagram of the flow through exits. According to the further simulation results, it is found that pedestrians tend to select the exit with shorter distance to them, especially when the people density is small or medium. But if the density is large enough, the flow rates of the two exits will become comparable because of the detour behaviors. It reflects the fact that a crowd of people may not be rational to optimize the usage of multi-exits, especially in an emergency.     

Development of two-port surface acoustic wave resonator with Al/Au electrodes for gas sensing

Simple and efficient surface acoustic wave(SAW)two-port resonators with low insertion loss and high Q-values on ST-X quartz substrate using a corrosion-proof A1/Au-stripe electrode structure are developed for gas sensing.It was composed of two shorted grating reflectors and adjacent intedigital transducers(IDT),and an active metal film in the cavity between the IDTs for the sensitive film coating.The devices are expected to provide good protection towards metal electrode for gas sensors application in chemically reactive environments.Excellent device performance as low insertion loss,high Q factor and single-mode are achieved by carefully selecting the metallic electrode thickness,cavity length and acoustic aperture.Prior to fabrication,the coupling of modes(COM)model was performed for device simulation to determine the optimal design parameters.The fabricated single-mode SAW resonator at operation frequency of 300 MHz range exhibits matched insertion loss of~6.5 dB and loaded Q factor in the 3000 range.Using the fabricated resonator as the feedback element,a dualresonator-oscillator with excellent frequency stability(0.1 ppm)was developed and evaluated experimentally,and it is significant for performance improvement of SAW gas sensor.     

模糊灰色关联法在大牛地气田优选压裂井层中的应用

压裂是油气田开发的重要增产措施,选择合适的井层进行压裂至关重要.压裂选井时需要综合考虑多种不同的因素,而且各因素在不同程度上影响压裂效果,因素间又相互影响关联.为优选适宜压裂的井,运用灰色关联法综合考虑11种因素,用效果测度函数进行无量纲化,层次分析法求取因素权重,最后以带权的灰色关联度指标优选压裂井.通过实例验证了方法的可靠性与适用性,且计算简单,可指导压裂选井工作,并具有可推广性.     

小型法拉第筒电荷收集器

本文给出了用于测量激光等离子体特性的法拉弟筒电荷收集器的设计。用它获得了激光等离子体发射的离子的速度、动能以及占所吸收的能量比例等信息。     

二维序贯β、c等距设计对旋转单调函数类的有效性

本文把序贯均匀设计的思想扩展,提出“序贯β、c设计”,目的在于解决多维空间上快速选优问题。本文解决了二维序贯β、c的等距设计对旋转单调函数类的有效性。