企业社会责任下的旅游供应链低碳运营研究

针对由一低碳景区和一旅行社构成的低碳旅游供应链,考虑了供应链成员企业社会责任行为对供应链动态均衡的影响,构建了企业社会责任行为下的低碳旅游供应链微分博弈模型。研究发现：旅游企业应在消费者低碳偏好增加的同时提高低碳决策水平;成本分担合同的制定需满足一定的条件,且只有在一定条件下,供应链企业社会责任的增加会提高成本分担比例,而消费者低碳偏好的增加降低了成本分担比例;成本分担模式下,主导者的企业社会责任直接提升了自身的决策水平,间接提升了跟随者的决策水平,提高了成本分担比例;企业社会责任偏好不会改变成本分担合同的有效性。     

Risk sharing and information revelation mechanism of a one-manufacturer and one-retailer supply chain facing an integrated competitor

This paper develops an information revelation mechanism model of a one-manufacturer and one-retailer supply chain facing an outside integrated-competitor under demand uncertainty. We investigate how the manufacturer designs a wholesale price-order quantity contract to induce the retailer to report his risk sensitivity information truthfully. We try to explore the effects of the outside competitor and the risk-sharing rule on the optimal price-service level decisions of the retailer and the optimal wholesale prices of the manufacturer. We find that the strategic interaction plays an important role in the effect of risk sensitivity on the order quantity for the retailer. When the fraction of the risk cost shared by the manufacturer is sufficiently large (small), the optimal wholesale price for the high risk-averse retailer is higher (lower) than that for the low risk-averse retailer.     

Detection of Cheaters in Vector Space Secret Sharing Schemes

A perfect secret sharing scheme is a method of distributing shares of a secret among a set P of participants in such a way that only qualified subsets of P can reconstruct the secret from their shares and non-qualified subsets have absolutely no information on the value of the secret. In a secret sharing scheme, some participants could lie about the value of their shares in order to obtain some illicit benefit. Therefore, the security against cheating is an important issue in the implementation of secret sharing schemes. Two new secret sharing schemes in which cheaters are detected with high probability are presented in this paper. The first one has information rate equal to 1/2 and can be implemented not only in threshold structures, but in a more general family of access structures. We prove that the information rate of this scheme is almost optimal among all schemes with the same security requirements. The second scheme we propose is a threshold scheme in which cheaters are detected with high probability even if they know the secret. The information rate is in this case 1/3 In both schemes, the probability of cheating successfully is a fixed value that is determined by the size of the secret.     

考虑平台影响因素的虚拟社区知识共享演化博弈研究

知识共享是虚拟社区用户学习和传播知识的重要途径。本文考虑到虚拟社区平台对参与用户知识共享行为的激励作用,引入平台的奖励和不分享知识所产生的机会成本,以及知识共享收益因素,构建考虑虚拟社区平台影响因素的虚拟社区知识共享演化博弈支付矩阵,并求得演化均衡解。通过小米社区的案例引入,仿真模拟平台对用户知识共享的奖励、机会成本、收益分配系数以及参与用户共享程度等因素对参与用户知识共享行为意愿的影响。研究发现:虚拟社区参与用户的知识共享意愿对因为知识共享所产生新知识的收益系数变化较为敏感;平台的奖励以及不分享知识所产生的机会成本对用户知识共享意愿影响巨大;同时,不同参与用户因为知识水平层次不同,参与知识共享的目的也不相同,这会影响到他们的知识共享策略选择。     

基于动态遗传算法的共享配送模式研究

针对传统配送中配送车辆装载率低、车辆数量多及配送成本高等问题,提出不同类型零售商资源共享的城市配送优化方法,并考虑配送中的车辆油耗与不确定需求等问题。以总配送成本最低为目标建立模型,利用基于动态参数的改进遗传算法对模型进行求解。最后,通过算例对共享配送模式与算法进行测试。结果表明,共享配送模式能够有效减低车辆数量、提高装载率及降低配送成本,同时改进遗传算法能够高效、准确对模型求解。     

网络安全漏洞信息披露中多元参与主体行为策略演化博弈分析

全球网络威胁日趋严峻,作为网络安全事件产生的根源之一,网络安全漏洞越来越被重视,对漏洞的披露已是国家网络安全应急体系建设的重要内容之一。本文构建了网络安全漏洞共享平台、软件厂商及黑客之间的三方博弈模型,并从演化博弈角度对模型进行了分析和数值模拟,确立了稳定均衡点存在的条件。研究结果表明:不同参数初始值对三方博弈结果存在显著差异,软件质量越差,平台越倾向于“封闭披露”策略;对漏洞发现者的支付积极影响软件厂商“注册会员”倾向,对黑客的“努力攻击”倾向产生负面影响;随披露成本的上升,平台更倾向于采纳“封闭披露”策略;预期损失过大,软件厂商倾向于“注册会员”策略。     

共享平台下供应链闲置资源动态优化配置策略

随着共享经济的发展,其领域已从消费环节延伸到供应链层面。供应链上闲置资源如何重新配置,以实现共享,提高资源利用率,是共享供应链企业面临的新问题。本文考虑基于共享平台的供应链闲置资源匹配过程的动态性,利用微分博弈和动态规划原理分别建立集中式决策下、无成本分担和有成本分担契约的分散式决策下共享供应链闲置资源的优化配置模型,并构建对应的哈密顿-雅克比-贝尔曼(HJB)方程,求解和分析三种情形下资源供应方、共享平台和需求方关于供应链共享闲置资源的最优配置策略。结果表明,成本分担契约在一定条件下可提高供应链闲置资源参与方的积极性,并使供应链上各参与方利润增加,实现共享供应链的Pareto改进。     

IT外包知识共享行为的演化博弈分析

针对IT外包知识共享障碍的问题,在已有IT外包知识共享研究的基础上,依据演化博弈论建立了IT外包知识共享行为的演化博弈模型,通过求解复制动态方程与演化稳定策略,分析了影响IT外包知识共享行为的因素,并利用Matlab 7.6软件进行仿真。研究结果表明,知识可共享量、知识互补程度、信任、知识吸收转化能力、知识共享成本和风险以及激励机制等是影响IT外包知识共享行为的关键因素。最后提出相应的对策与建议。     

Intergenerational risk sharing in closing pension funds

We model intergenerational risk sharing in closing funded pension plans. Specifically, we consider a setting in which in each period, the pension fund’s investment and indexation policy is the outcome of a bargaining process between representatives of the then living generations. Because some generations might be under- or overrepresented in the board, we use the asymmetric Nash bargaining solution to allow for differences in bargaining powers. In a numerical study, we compare the welfare that the generations derive from the outcome of this repeated bargaining to the welfare that they would derive if a social planner’s optimal policy would instead be implemented. We find that as compared to the social optimum, older generations benefit substantially from the repeated bargaining, even if all generations are equally well-represented in the board. If older generations are relatively over-represented, as is sometimes argued, these effects are attenuated.     

分布自由时基于可控提前期的契约适应性研究

研究表明回购契约与收益共享契约具有等价性,然而二者却适用于不同的供应链。本文从提前期可控的视角并将供应链管理引入需求分布自由的市场环境,研究二者的适应性。首先构建一体化供应链系统的决策模型,基于模型推导其最优生产量和最优生产时点的存在性条件;然后分别以回购契约和收益共享契约作为激励机制,研究契约对单一供应商-零售商构成的二级分散供应链系统的适应性。结果表明,回购契约和收益共享契约均能协调供应链,但二者具有不同的适应性:当单位时间内边际生产成本增幅较大时,供应商偏好选择回购契约;提前压缩期越长,零售商越偏好选择收益共享契约。最后通过数值分析验证文章模型的有效性。