Scatter correction method for cone-beam CT based on interlacing-slit scan

Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) has the notable features of high efficiency and high precision, and is widely used in areas such as medical imaging and industrial non-destructive testing. However, the presence of the ray scatter reduces the quality of CT images. By referencing the slit collimation approach, a scatter correction method for CBCT based on the interlacing-slit scan is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of CBCT imaging, a scatter suppression plate with interlacing slits is designed and fabricated. Then the imaging of the scatter suppression plate is analyzed, and a scatter correction calculation method for CBCT based on the image fusion is proposed, which can splice out a complete set of scatter suppression projection images according to the interlacing-slit projection images of the left and the right imaging regions in the scatter suppression plate, and simultaneously complete the scatter correction within the flat panel detector(FPD). Finally, the overall process of scatter suppression and correction is provided. The experimental results show that this method can significantly improve the clarity of the slice images and achieve a good scatter correction.     

Identification of wheat grain in different states based on hyperspectral imaging technology

Abstract

Nondestructive identification of wheat grains in different states plays an important role in improving the quality of wheat products. This study investigated the possibility of using hyperspectral imaging techniques to discriminate healthy wheat grain, germinated wheat grain, mildewed wheat grain, and shriveled wheat grain (wheat grain infected with fusarium head blight). Both sides of individual wheat kernels were subjected to hyperspectral imaging (866.4–1701.0?nm) to acquire hyperspectral cube data. Spectral data were preprocessed by using standardization and multiple scattering correction. In addition, the principal component loading method was used to extract the characteristic wavelengths of both sides of wheat grains. The sample is divided into calibration set, test set, and validation set. The data of the calibration set are used to train the partial least squares discriminant analysis model, K-nearest neighbor model, and the support vector machine model, and the test set data are used to test the model. The results show that spectral data of both sides can achieve good classification results, while the reverse spectral data perform better. By comparing with each other, the support vector machine model is selected as the best classification model. Finally, using two hyperspectral images (reverse side) that are not involved in training and testing to verify the accuracy of the established support vector machine model, and the classification effect maps of the four wheat grains were visualized. The results indicate that nondestructive classification of wheat grains in different states is feasible based on hyperspectral imaging technology.     

适合在微机上使用的杂光分析方法

提出了一种适用于微机条件的杂光分析方法,用接近大型杂光分析软件的分块计算方式计算主反射镜的一次散射、遮光筒-主镜的二次散射以及筒边的衍射散射,可用于估计遮光完善光学系统的杂光水平.实例计算表明,分析结果十分近似大型软件APART的结果.     

Effect of initial orientation on the tensile properties of commercially pure titanium

Effect of crystallographic texture on uniaxial tensile deformation of commercially pure titanium was studied using in situ as well as post-mortem electron backscatter diffraction and elastoplastic self-consistent simulations. Correlation of mechanical properties and strain hardening response with deformation micromechanisms like different modes of slip and twinning was established. Tensile specimens were machined along rolling direction in the plane perpendicular to normal and transverse direction (sample A and C, respectively) as well as along transverse direction in the plane normal to rolling direction (sample B) to obtain different initial texture from cold rolled and annealed plate of commercially pure titanium. Sample B showed higher strength but lower strain hardening rate and ductility than the orientations A and C. It showed extension twinning with lateral thickening while the other samples showed coexistence of extension and contraction twinning. Schmid factor accounted for most of the observed twinning although some contraction twinning in sample A is attributed to the effect of internal stresses. A combination of in situ tensile test in a field emission gun scanning electron microscope with electron backscatter diffraction facility and elastoplastic self-consistent simulations aid in obtaining high-fidelity Voce hardening parameters for different slip and twinning systems in commercially pure titanium. The variation in tensile properties can be explained on the basis of propensity of twinning which tends to provide strain hardening at lower strain but contributes to failure at higher strain.     

X射线成像的一种点扩展函数模型

X射线成像系统可以通过其点扩展函数来表行,其点扩展函数分为一次射线点扩展函数和散射点扩展函数两部分。在分析点扩展函数各个影响因素的基础上,建立了以物体厚度、物体到探测器距离以及成像几何设置为参量的解析模型。利用该模型推导出了特定入射射线能谱和射线源到探测器距离情况下散射比的计算公式。它是以物体厚度和物体到探测器距离为变量的函数。在利用实验数据对模型参量进行最优估计的基础上,利用散射比实验验证了模型的正确性。为散射和几何不清晰度的消除提供了一种实用的模型依据。     

获得蛋白质激光脉冲升温光源方法的比较研究

触发蛋白质开折叠可以使用激光脉冲升温溶剂产生温跳的方法。红外光谱研究中常用的激光波长为1.9μm,可以通过钬激光器、半导体激光器和光参量振荡(OPO)等非线性光学的方法来实现频率转换。在拥有Nd∶YAG激光光源的情况下,对由LiNbO3晶体差频、临界相位匹配(CPM)的KTP OPO和高压氢气受激拉曼散射所获得的1.9μm激光输出的实验方法进行了比较。结果表明,受激拉曼散射是获得频率转换最有效而便捷的方法。     

南京地区低空雾霾气溶胶的拉曼-瑞利-米激光雷达测量

利用拉曼-瑞利-米激光雷达对南京北郊雾霾气溶胶进行观测和分析,并和气象预报相比对。2009年12月2日进行了长时间连续的观测实验,分析比较2009年12月2日观测的雾霾激光雷达距离矫正信号和2011年1月10日南京北郊晴空大气边界层气溶胶激光雷达距离矫正信号的区别和特征。实验结果表明:2009年12月2日10:00至19:00观测出现雾霾,激光雷达观测到雾霾出现的时间段和当天南京气象预报相吻合;南京北郊雾霾出现在低空300 m左右,厚度大约为700 m,大气边界层气溶胶出现的高度为1 000 m左右,厚度大约为1 500 m。     

南疆沙尘区骏枣叶片水分含量检测的近红外光谱预处理方法对比

南疆地区沙尘多、灰尘大,枣树叶片表面经常覆盖一定程度的粗颗粒度沙尘,为了有效去除沙尘、灰尘在枣树叶片水分光谱测量过程中产生的散射噪声和基线漂移,研究一种适用于风沙较大地区的枣树叶片水分含量的快速检测方法,以不同灌溉梯度下的枣树叶片为研究对象,通过近红外光谱仪获取120个叶片样本的1 000～1 800 nm的光谱数据,并同步测量叶片水分含量,采用归一化、移动窗口平滑、SavitZky-Golay（SG）卷积平滑、SG求导、标准正态变量校正(SNV)和多元散射校正(MSC)等方法对原始光谱进行预处理,分析对比不同方法对散射噪声的处理能力,采用偏最小二乘回归分析方法筛选了敏感波段和建立预测模型。实验结果表明,枣树叶片水分含量强吸收峰为1 443 nm,波谷为1 661 nm;归一化光谱并未消除1 000～1 400 nm波段的散射噪声;移动窗口平滑和SG卷积平滑并未改进光谱曲线,散射噪声仍然存在;SG导数光谱的光谱特征峰和特征谷明显左移,光谱曲线不够平滑,噪声明显;SNV和MSC方法具有较好的散射噪声消除能力。偏最小回归分析方法筛选特征波长的结果表明（设置筛选波长数量为5）,基于原始光谱未筛选到1 443 nm的强波峰和1 661 nm的波谷附近的波段;基于归一化光谱在1 450 nm波峰附近筛选的波长有一定的偏差,在1 661 nm波谷附近的筛选的波长明显高于1 700 nm;基于移动窗口和SG卷积平滑光谱在1 443 nm具有一定的筛选能力,但并未筛选到1 661 nm附近的波长;导数光谱并未筛选到1 443和1 661 nm波段;SNV和MSC在波峰和波谷位置附近均筛选了敏感的光谱波段,其中MSC略优于SNV方法恰好在波峰和波谷位置,共筛选了1 002, 1 383, 1 411, 1 443和1 661 nm五个特征波段,也证明了MSC方法散射噪声和基线漂移处理能力最优,提高了敏感波长的筛选能力。偏最小二乘回归模型结果表明,不同预处理方法的RMSE值均较低,SNV和MSC方法改进了模型的预测结果,R2高于0.7,其中基于MSC方法的模型具有最高的R2和最低的RMSEP和RMSEPCV,R2=0.750 4,RMSEP=0.034 3,RMSECV=0.021 5,预测结果较优。证明MSC方法对沙尘和颗粒度引入的散射噪声具有较好的去除能力,可改进波长的筛选、提高预测模型精度,为南疆沙尘区的枣树叶片水分含量的无损检测提供了有效方法。     

The Application of 3D Rain Scatter Model on Horizontally Polarized SHF Signal Propagation in Tropical Location

This paper presents some results of intersystem interference as a result of hydrometeor scattering on horizontally polarized SHF signal propagation in the tropical environment using the 3D rain cell model. The cumulative distribution of transmission loss has been based on the distance dependence (terrestrial station to the center of the common volume distance); frequency dependence and antenna gain dependence. Though there is a less interference (significantly higher transmission loss) at a relatively higher frequency of 20 and 34.8 GHz, the rain-scatter interference problem may not be negligible for a tropical region with high rainfall rate because, for a small percentage of time, the rain scatter power can be received even at a large distance from an interfering station.     

基于贝叶斯神经网络的近红外光谱实木地板表面缺陷检测

实木地板的表面缺陷直接影响其力学性能和产品等级,表面缺陷的快速检测对实木地板的在线分选具有重要的现实意义。针对视觉方法检测实木地板表面缺陷识别率低的问题,提出了一种基于近红外光谱分析技术的检测方法。首先,分别采集规格为200 mm×100 mm×20 mm的表面带有活节、死节以及无缺陷的实木地板的光谱数据各60份,其中30份作为训练样本,30份作为测试样本;其次,使用高斯滤波(GSF)、分段多元散射校正(PMSC)和去趋势法(DT)等方法对采集到的光谱数据进行预处理,降低光谱噪声、消除光谱的散射影响;然后,利用改进遗传算法从处理后的光谱中提取特征波长用于构建缺陷识别与分类模型;最后,使用基于贝叶斯理论改进的神经网络构建实木地板缺陷识别和分类模型。实验使用含有活节、死节以及无缺陷的实木地板样本对模型进行训练和测试,结果表明：通过贝叶斯神经网络构建的缺陷识别与分类模型能够准确识别活节、死节和无缺陷三类实木地板,识别率分别为92.20%, 94.47%和95.57%。证明了实木地板表面缺陷类型与其近红外吸收光谱密切相关,并为下一步实现实木地板表面缺陷的准确定位提供快速检测方法。