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991.
Neeraj Kumbhakarna Stefan T. Thynell Arindrajit Chowdhury Ping Lin 《Combustion Theory and Modelling》2013,17(6):933-956
A detailed model of steady-state combustion of a pseudo-propellant containing cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and triaminoguanidinium azotetrazolate (TAGzT) is presented. The physicochemical processes occurring within the foam layer, comprised of a liquid and gas bubbles, and a gas-phase region above the burning surface are considered. The chemical kinetics is represented by a global thermal decomposition mechanism within the liquid by considering 18 species and eight chemical reactions. The reactions governing decomposition of TAGzT were deduced from separate confined rapid thermolysis experiments using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Within the gas bubbles and gas-phase region, a detailed chemical kinetics mechanism was used by considering up to 93 species and 504 reactions. The pseudo-propellant burn rate was found to be highly sensitive to the global decomposition reactions of TAGzT. The predicted results of burn rate agree well with experimental burn-rate data. The increase in burn rate by inclusion of TAGzT is due in part from exothermic decomposition of the azotetrazolate within the foam layer, and from fast gas-phase reactions between triaminoguanidine decomposition products, such as hydrazine, and oxidiser products from the nitramine decomposition. 相似文献
992.
On the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of two Edaravone derivatives: mechanism and kinetics
The free radical scavenging activity of two Edaravone (EDA) derivatives (C1 and D1) has been studied in aqueous and lipid solutions using the Density Functional Theory. Different mechanisms of reaction have been considered, as well as the acid/base equilibrium in aqueous solution. The studied compounds were found to be rather poor ?OOH scavengers in non‐polar environments, but better than the parent molecule, EDA, which suggests that the peroxyl scavenging activity of this kind of compounds in lipid media could be increased via structural modifications. In aqueous solution, at physiological pH, D1 is predicted to be a better peroxyl scavenger than C1, and slightly better than its parent molecule, EDA. Their excellent activity, under such conditions, is attributed to the electron transfer from their anionic forms. D1 was found to be among the best peroxyl scavengers known so far, with a rate constant for its reaction with ?OOH near the diffusion limit regime (2.3 × 108 M?1s?1). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
994.
GLOBAL EXISTENCE AND BLOW-UP PHENOMENA FOR THE PERIODIC HUNTER–SAXTON EQUATION WITH WEAK DISSIPATION
《Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics》2013,20(1):139-149
In this paper, we study the periodic Hunter–Saxton equation with weak dissipation. We first establish the local existence of strong solutions, blow-up scenario and blow-up criteria of the equation. Then, we investigate the blow-up rate for the blowing-up solutions to the equation. Finally, we prove that the equation has global solutions. 相似文献
995.
Abstract This article proposes various combinations of optical amplifiers for a dense wavelength division multiplexed system and investigates the impact of reduced channel spacing at high bit rates in terms of quality factor, bit error rate, eye closure, and output power. It is reported that the hybrid optical amplifier (Raman–erbium-doped fiber amplifier [EDFA]) provides better results with a maximum covered single span distance (220 km) at channel spacing of 6.25 GHz. The maximum acceptable bit rate for the 12.5-GHz channel spacing dense wavelength division multiplexed system is also investigated, and the recommendation is provided that for the Raman–EDFA, Raman–EDFA–Raman, EDFA–Raman–EDFA, and EDFA–semiconductor optical amplifier–EDFA, the operating bit rate should not be greater than 20, 16, 19, and 20 Gbps, respectively. 相似文献
996.
Traditional evolutionary games assume uniform interaction rate, which means that the rate at which individuals meet and interact is independent of their strategies. But in some systems, especially biological systems, the players interact with each other discriminately. Taylor and Nowak (2006) were the first to establish the corresponding non-uniform interaction rate model by allowing the interaction rates to depend on strategies. Their model is based on replicator dynamics which assumes an infinite size population. But in reality, the number of individuals in the population is always finite, and there will be some random interference in the individuals' strategy selection process. Therefore, it is more practical to establish the corresponding stochastic evolutionary model in finite populations. In fact, the analysis of evolutionary games in a finite size population is more difficult. Just as Taylor and Nowak said in the outlook section of their paper, "The analysis of non-uniform interaction rates should be extended to stochastic game dynamics of finite populations." In this paper, we are exactly doing this work. We extend Taylor and Nowak's model from infinite to finite case, especially focusing on the influence of non-uniform connection characteristics on the evolutionary stable state of the system. We model the strategy evolutionary process of the population by a continuous ergodic Markov process. Based on the limit distribution of the process, we can give the evolutionary stable state of the system. We make a complete classification of the symmetric 2×2 games. For each case game, the corresponding limit distribution of the Markov-based process is given when noise intensity is small enough. In contrast with most literatures in evolutionary games using the simulation method, all our results obtained are analytical. Especially, in the dominant-case game, coexistence of the two strategies may become evolutionary stable states in our model. This result can be used to explain the emergence of cooperation in the Prisoner is Dilemma Games to some extent. Some specific examples are given to illustrate our results. 相似文献
997.
998.
Measurements of the reaction rate distribution were carried out using two kinds of Plate Micro Fission Chamber (PMFC). The first is a depleted uranium chamber and the second an enriched uranium chamber. The material in the depleted uranium chamber is strictly the same as the material in the uranium assembly. With the equation solution to conduct the isotope contribution correction, the fission rate of 238U and 235U were obtained from the fission rate of depleted uranium and enriched uranium. Then, the fission count of 238U and 235U in an individual uranium shell was obtained. In this work, MCNP5 and continuous energy cross sections ENDF/BV.0 were used for the analysis of fission rate distribution and fission count. The calculated results were compared with the experimental ones. The calculation of fission rate of DU and EU were found to agree with the measured ones within 10% except at the positions in polyethylene region and the two positions near the outer surface. Because the fission chamber was not considered in the calculation of the fission counts of 238U and 235U, the calculated results did not agree well with the experimental ones. 相似文献
999.
Changyu Shen Guoqiang Zheng Chuntai Liu Yaming Wang Jingbo Chen Xiangfang Peng 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(3):439-448
In this study, iPP was injection molded at 180°C, 200°C, and 220°C. According to polarization optical microscopy (POM) results, for a given part, the skin thickness steadily decreases along the flow direction. However, at the same distance from the gate, the skin thickness of the parts molded at lower melt temperature is larger than that molded at higher melt temperature. It is found that flow time (here, the time taken for melt to pass the specific position along the flow direction) and melt temperature are two significant factors leading to this phenomenon, while the gate size is another one. The DSC and WAXD results show that the relative fraction of β-form crystals, for a specific part, decreases along the flow direction, which is mainly determined by flow time. However, for the parts molded at different molding temperatures, the fraction of the β-form crystals is mainly determined by the molding temperature, though this influence is very complex. 相似文献
1000.
Non-relativistic configuration interaction (CI) ab initio calculations using large basis sets have been carried out to determine the potential curves of the first electronic states of Ne2 +, Ar2 + and Kr2 +. The spin—orbit interaction was treated assuming that the spin—orbit coupling constant is independent of the internuclear separation (R). For Ar2 +, calculated dissociation energies and equilibrium separations are in good agreement with experimental results. The calculations for Ne2 + suggest that the lowest vibrational level of the I(1/2u) ground state observed by threshold photoelectron spectroscopy by Hall et al. [1995, J. Phys. B: At. molec. opt. Phys., 28, 2435] and assigned to either ν = 0 or ν = 2 actually corresponds to ν = 4. The calculations also predict the I(1/2g) state of Ne2 + and Ar2 + to possess a double-well potential and that of Kr2 + to be repulsive at short range and to only possess a single shallow well at large internuclear separation. The ab initio calculations provide an explanation for the observation made by Yoshii et al. [2002, J. chem. Phys., 117, 1517] that Kr2 + and Xe2 + dissociate after photoemission from the II(1/2u) state to the I(1/2g) state whereas Ar2 + does not. 相似文献