Order restricted randomized designs for control versus treatment comparison

We develop a method of randomizing units to treatments that relies on subjective judgement or on possible coarse modeling to produce restrictions on the randomization. The procedure thus fits within the general framework of ranked set sampling. However, instead of selecting a single unit from each set for full measurement, all units within a set are used. The units within a set are assigned to different treatments. Such an assignment translates the positive dependence among units within a set into a reduction in variation of contrasting features of the treatments. A test for treatment versus control comparison, with controlled familywise error rate, is developed along with the associated confidence intervals. The new procedure is shown to be superior to corresponding procedures based on completely randomized or ranked set sample designs. The superiority appears both in asymptotic relative efficiency and in power for finite sample sizes. Importantly, this test does not rely on perfect rankings; rather, the information in the data on the quality of rankings is exploited to maintain the level of the test when rankings are imperfect. The asymptotic relative efficiency of the test is not affected by estimation of the quality of rankings, and the finite sample performance is only mildly affected.     

数字全息图变频采样研究

根据Whittaker-Shannon抽样定理,对菲涅耳全息图进行变频率采样,保证整个全息图各部分采样频率为该处相应空间频率的两倍,从而完全消除数字全息图由于采样冗余而带来全息图的信息冗余.并且,对变频采样后的全息图进行线性插值恢复即可获得良好的再现像质.实验和理论均证明了该方法的有效性和可行性,为全息图的信息存贮与传输提出一条新的思路.     

Magnetic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) microspheres by dispersion and inverse emulsion polymerization

The aim of this study was to develop novel thermally responsive polymer microspheres with magnetic properties. Dispersion and inverse emulsion copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) was investigated in the presence of γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. The resulting microspheres were characterized in terms of morphology, size, polydispersity, iron content, and temperature‐dependent swelling using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, QELS, and AAS. The effects of several variables, such as the concentration of γ‐Fe₂O₃, MBAAm crosslinking agent, Span 80 surfactant, 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methyloctanenitrile) (AMON) initiator, and polymerization temperature on the properties of the microspheres were studied. Swelling and thermoresponsive behavior of the microspheres containing γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were also investigated. The microspheres contained about 8 wt % of iron. The presence of magnetic nanoparticles and their concentration changes did not have any significant effect on the temperature sensitivity of the composites. The particles gradually shrink into an increasingly collapsed state when the temperature is raised to 40 °C since the increase in temperature weakens the hydration and PNIPAAm chains gradually become more hydrophobic, which leads to the collapse of the particles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5884–5898, 2007     

Bounds to optimal burn‐in and optimal work size

Burn‐in is a widely used method to improve the quality of products or systems after they have been produced. In this paper, we consider the problem of determining the optimal burn‐in time and optimal work size maximizing the long‐run average amount of work saved per time unit in the computer applications. Assuming that the underlying lifetime distribution of the computer has an initially decreasing or/and eventually increasing failure rate function, an upper bound for the optimal burn‐in time is derived for each fixed work size and a uniform (with respect to the burn‐in time) upper bound for the optimal work size is also obtained. Furthermore, it is shown that a non‐trivial lower bound for the optimal burn‐in time can be derived if the underlying lifetime distribution has a large initial failure rate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Viscosity,particle size distribution,and structural investigation of tetramethyloxysilane/2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate sols during the sol–gel process with acid and base catalysts

The tetramethoxysilane (TMOS)/2‐hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hybrid gels were synthesized with acid and base catalysts, via the in situ polymerization of HEMA, with and without the cosolvent methanol. With methanol in the TMOS/HEMA sol, the enhanced esterification and depolymerization reactions of the silanols resulted in a slower growth of silica particles. The silica particles that were synthesized with an acid catalyst were less than 40 nm. The thermal resistance of the poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) chains was enhanced by the addition of colloidal silica. The Fourier transform infrared characterizations and the exothermal peaks on the differential scanning calorimetry traces of these hybrid gels indicated chemical hybridization occurring as a result of condensation of the colloid silica and PHEMA at higher temperatures. Hence, the residual weight content of the hybrid gel after its synthesis with the base catalyst was even higher than the content of TMOS in the hybrid sol. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3476–3486, 2004     

Study on the Superhydrophilicity of the SiO2-TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method at Room Temperature

Nanoscale SiO₂-TiO₂ composite thin films with the thickness of about 100 nm were prepared by sol-gel method at room temperature in air. The chemical states of the elements on the surface and near the surface were measured by XPS. The results showed that the Ti on/near the surface of the thin films existed not only as TiO₂ but also as Ti₂O₃. Part of the TiO₂ was changed to Ti₂O₃ after UV irradiation. The crystalline structure of the TiO₂ in the SiO₂-TiO₂ thin films was anatase with the crystallite size of 14–20 nm. It was found that the thin film prepared at room temperature in air has good superhydrophilic property and has strong adherence to the substrate.     

多小波子空间上的单小波表示

本文在较弱的条件下,建立了2重多小波子空间与单小波子空间的关系.即由2重多小波构造出单小波.一方面,这种单小波的平移伸缩与2重多小波的平移伸缩生成的子空间是完全相同的;另一方面,它具有插值性.因此通过构造出的单小波建立了多小波子空间上的Shannon型采样定理.     

Sets of sampling and interpolation in Bergman spaces

Properties of the unions of sampling and interpolation sets for Bergman spaces are discussed in conjunction with the examples given by Seip (1993). Their relationship to the classical interpolation sequences is explored. In addition, the role played by canonical divisors in the study of these sets is examined and an example of a sampling set is constructed in the disk.

     

连续调查的整群抽样

本文讨论了连续调查中应用普查方法时的整群抽样和分层整群抽样。     

一种改进的计算探测器校正因子的相关抽样方法

对于小尺寸探测器处于大块介质的情形, 在探测器的校正因子的Monte Carlo模拟中, 存在两个难题: 一是由于探测器尺寸很小粒子难以到达探测器并发生碰撞; 二是两个随机变量比值难以达到要求精度. 本文使用经过改进的粒子碰撞自动重要抽样方法, 再结合相关抽样方法, 解决了这两个难题, 并在MCNP-4C程序平台上加以实现. 除了粒子碰撞自动重要抽样以外, 还选用了其他3种方法: 直接模拟、区域分裂、强迫碰撞+Dxtran球分别与相关抽样方法结合, 对一个简化的探测器校正因子计算模型进行了计算. 实际计算结果表明, 相关抽样方法无论与哪种方法结合, 都起到了提高相关量计算效率的作用; 而它与粒子碰撞自动重要抽样结合, 比其他方法具有明显的优越性.