Guided e-MRI prostate biopsy can solve the discordance between Gleason score biopsy and radical prostatectomy pathology

Introduction

The aim of this study is to examine if guided prostate biopsies based on abnormalities detected by conventional and functional endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yield a more reliable representation of the radical prostatectomy pathology and to identify probable preoperative clinical variables that stratified patients likely to harbor significant upgrading.

Patients and Methods

From April 2004 to April 2009, a review of N=70 patients records diagnosed with prostate cancer by a 3-6 core guided transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) prostate biopsy based on abnormalities detected by conventional and functional endorectal MRI and who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy and exhibited a significant upgrading was conducted. Additionally, a multivariate analysis with a significant upgrading as the outcome was performed including the following parameters: prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical stage, prostate size and duration from biopsy to radical prostatectomy.

Results

A significant upgrading was noted in only 8.5% of patients, with 1.4% exhibiting a significant downgrading and the rest 90.1% exhibiting an exact Gleason score match. No preoperative clinical variables that stratified patients likely to harbour significant upgrading were identified.

Conclusions

This type of biopsy method seems to solve the discordance between the biopsy Gleason score and radical prostatectomy pathology regardless of known preoperative clinical variables that can affect it.     

基于元胞自动机模型的道路突发瓶颈现象研究

针对特殊交通事件诱发的道路突发瓶颈现象,结合驾驶员在瓶颈现象发生前后的行为变化,提出了一个考虑驾驶员在瓶颈处驾驶特性的元胞自动机模型,并利用该模型分析了瓶颈现象对驾驶特性的影响.结果发现,该模型可以刻画不对称换道和瓶颈处抢道行为所产生的一些复杂的交通现象.研究表明,在瓶颈处实行不对称交替通行可以提高系统流量.     

道路弯道对交通流影响的研究

在经典NaSch模型的基础上,考虑行驶弯道的曲率半径、弧长以及路面的摩擦系数等对车辆运行的影响,提出一种改进的适应特殊路况的单车道元胞自动机模型.按此模型,通过计算机数值模拟,研究了具有不同曲率半径、不同弧长和不同摩擦系数的弯道对交通流的影响.模拟结果显示,改进后的模型能准确反映特殊路况对行驶车辆的影响,同时再现了与实际交通相一致的时停时走交通波等复杂的非线性现象,根据所反映出的实际交通现象,分析得出了增大弯道曲率半径和弯道处的摩擦系数,并尽量地减小弯道弧长,可以减少弯道处交通事故的发生,避免交通拥堵的发生,提高道路通行能力.     

居住区街道空间的探索与实践

从目前居住区开发建设的模式入手,指出了居住区街道空间设计中容易被忽视的原因.通过对居住区街道空间的性质和特性的研究及设计案例的分析,阐述了它对形成高品质住宅小区和城市空间景观的重要性,归纳了居住区街道空间的设计原则和评价方法.     

Reduction of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure levels by porous elastic road surfaces

A porous elastic road surface (PERS) is superior to drainage asphalt pavement for reducing highway traffic noise. In earlier research and development, for example using a test track, the difference in sound power level (Lw) of cars has been regarded as the noise reduction effect since it was not possible to measure the change in equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level (Leq) for a series of vehicles on such a limited length of surface. As the result of a comparatively major test construction on a highway, have measured the noise reduction effect of PERS as the difference in Leq. First, we measured the motor vehicle Lw and Leq on each section. However, we found that the neighbouring paved sections also influenced Leq. Next, we calculated Leq according to a highway traffic noise model, using the values of Lw measured in the different paved sections. Since the calculated Leq corresponded approximately with the measured Leq, we could verify the validity of the measured Lw. We again calculated Leq, assuming that each pavement is infinitely long. We assumed the improvement of noise reduction effect of PERS was indicated through the calculated Leq. Consequently, we have found that the noise reduction effect of drainage asphalt pavement was 5-6 dB, whereas that of PERS was 7-9 dB.     

基于ZigBee的高速公路结冰信息检测系统的设计

针对高速公路上结冰状况仅靠驾驶员观察易导致事故的现状,根据结冰温度和冰的导电性,并结合光在冰层中的传播特性,提出一种利用ZigBee技术的新型的高速公路路面结冰信息检测系统。该系统以楔形光纤作为光的传播媒介,通过采集光纤内光强的变化,结合温度和阻值的大小来融合出高速公路上冰的冰厚和冰型。介绍温度、阻值和光强等采集模块的设计原理,及实验测试环境的实现。经过验证,该系统可有效检测出路面的冰厚和冰型。     

Biogas upgrading with novel cellulose nano-crystals and polyvinyl amine nanocomposite membranes

A novel crystalline nano cellulose (CNC) and polyvinyl amine (PVAm) based nanocomposite membranes were synthesized and evaluated for biogas upgrading. Different concentrations of CNC was incorporated in 3 wt % PVAm solution on commercial polysulfone (PSf) sheet using dip coating method. The effect of feed pressure (5, 10 and 15 bar) was investigated for the CO₂/CH₄ separation. The incorporation of CNC increased the crystallinity of membranes. The thickness of selective layer enhanced to 2.16 μm from 1.5 μm with increasing concentration of CNC. However, degree of swelling reduced from 75.88% to 68.93 with CNC concentration at 1.5 wt%. The best results were shown by PVAm membrane with 1 wt % CNC concentration i.e. CO₂ permeance of 0.0216 m³(STP)/m².bar.hr and selectivity (CO₂/CH₄) of 41.The permeance decreased approximately 1.8 folds for PVAm/1CNC membrane with the increase in pressure from 5 to 15 bar. However, selectivity dropped from 41 to 39 for formulated membranes.     

Optimal Design of Two Road Networks Based on their Properties

In this paper,we discuss some fundamental properties of two idealized typical networks,namely,grid type and radial-circular type.The discussion is based on SPCP (Shortest Path Counting Problem),whichreflects the traffic density of a road segment.Furthermore,we compare their effectiveness based on the obtainedresults of the above two road networks,and suggest some proposals on the design of car lanes by consideringthe direction of a road segment in relation to these road networks.     

基于SPCP解析的平均移动距离和城市交通模式

SPCP是一项关于以评估城市内部道路交通网络各段拥挤度,来反映相应道路在该城市道路网中所占重要程度的研究．在通过对于包括东京在内的日本一些城市的应用,其实用性已得到了广泛验证．本论文从理论上揭示了SPCP所近似反映的一种城市交通模式,从而为其为何能够在现实城市中被应用提供了理论性依据．此外在本文中,基于被展示的城市交通模型和SPCP,我们还推导计算出了一项经常用于衡量城市道路交通有效性的尺度-城市内道路交通移动所需平均距离．     

Compact spectral software/hardware system based on an SL-13 steeloscope

We have designed a compact spectral software/hardware system based on an SL-13 steeloscope for rapid quantitative atomic emission spectral analysis of the elemental composition of metals and alloys, products of the paint and varnish industry, monitoring the content of toxic elements (heavy metals) in food products, specimens of biological and plant origin, soils and waters, with computer processing of the analysis results. We demonstrate the prospects for upgrading similar steeloscopes and steelometers in plants of the Republic of Belarus, with the aim of improving the quality of analyses and reducing their cost. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 411–414, May–June, 2006.