准东煤水热提质过程中煤质特性变化对CO_2气化影响

选取准东高钠煤为研究对象,在高压反应釜中进行了不同温度(150-350℃)下的水热提质处理实验,依托电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、氮气等温吸附模型(BET)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术,分析了煤样的煤质特性变化以及对CO_2气化的综合影响规律。结果表明,水热提质处理后煤样成熟度增加,煤阶上升,钠的脱除效果显著,在300-350℃时脱除率均大于95%。煤焦化学结构致密、有序、稳定;煤样CO_2气化曲线向高温区偏移,气化活性指数呈下降趋势且300-350℃时下降明显。水热提质过程中煤样气化反应活性受到煤阶、碱金属钠含量、物理孔隙结构、化学微晶结构等多个因素的综合影响。     

Production of liquid bio-fuel from catalytic de-oxygenation: Pyrolysis of beech wood and flax shives

This study presents a detailed analysis of the catalytic de-oxygenation of the liquid and gaseous pyrolytic products of two biomasses (beech wood and flax shives) using different catalysts (commercial HZSM-5 and H-Y,and lab-synthesised Fe-HZSM-5,Fe-H-Y,Pt/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3). The experiments were all conducted in a semi-batch reactor under the same operating conditions for all feed materials. BET specific surface area,BJH pore size distribution and FT-IR technologies have been used to characterise the catalysts,while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) and thermal conductivity detection (GC-TCD) were used to examine the liquid and gaseous pyrolytic products. It was firstly seen that at higher catalyst-to-biomass ratios of 4∶1,de-oxygenation efficiency did not experience any further significant improvement. FeHZSM-5 was deemed to be the most efficient of the catalysts utilised as it helped reach the lowest oxygen contents in the bio-oils samples and the second best was HZSM-5. It was also found that HZSM-5 and H-Y tended to privilege the decarbonylation route(production of CO),whilst their iron-modified counterparts favoured the decarboxylation one (production of CO2) for both biomasses studied. It was then seen that the major bio-oil components (carboxylic acids) underwent almost complete conversion under catalytic treatment to produce mostly unoxygenated aromatic compounds,phenols and gases like CO and CO2. Finally,phenols were seen to be the family most significantly formed from the actions of all catalysts.     

Composite materials for building heated coverings of roads and runways of airdromes

The paper is dedicated to the development of new compositions of electroconductive concretes reinforced with chemical electroconductive fibers. The compositions are designed for building heated coverings of roads and runways of airdromes. A classification of electroconductive concretes is given, and the results of comparative experimental investigations of the compositions developed are presented. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 317–326, May–June, 2008.     

The sector design and assignment problem for snow disposal operations

Winter road maintenance operations involve a host of decision-making problems at the strategic, tactical, operational, and real-time levels. Those operations include spreading of chemicals and abrasives, snow plowing, loading snow into trucks, and hauling snow to disposal sites. In this paper, we present a model and two heuristic solution approaches based on mathematical optimization for the problem of partitioning a road network into sectors and allocating sectors to snow disposal sites for snow disposal operations. Given a road network and a set of planned disposal sites, the problem is to determine a set of non-overlapping subnetworks, called sectors, according to several criteria related to the operational effectiveness and the geographical layout, and to assign each sector to a single snow disposal site so as to respect the capacities of the disposal sites, while minimizing relevant variable and fixed costs. Our approach uses single street segments as the units of analysis and we consider sector contiguity, sector balance and sector shape constraints, hourly and annual disposal site capacities, as well as single assignment requirements. The resulting model is based on a multi-commodity network flow structure to impose the contiguity constraints in a linear form. The two solution approaches were tested on data from the city of Montreal in Canada.     

隶属度“非平均偏差法”在路网规划决策中的应用

将最小隶属度偏差法与层次分析法结合起来,提出了考虑指标权重的路网规划方案评价方法.给出了较具体的指标体系,并将无量纲化和隶属度求法进行了改进.最后,用一个算例对提出方法进行了验证.     

由欧美MOOCs风暴,探析中国大学物理精品资源共享课程的建设与发展

十一五国家精品课程正在被转型升级为精品资源共享课,此项工作是国家中长远教育计划中质量工程的一部分,旨在推动高等学校优质课程教学资源通过现代信息技术手段共建共享,提高人才培养质量,服务学习型社会建设,推动原有精品课程优质资源实用化、简洁化和共享化.本文从欧美兴起的MOOCs风暴,结合东南大学大学物理精品课程的首批成功申报,介绍大学物理精品课程持续建设的成果,并在此基础上探讨、展望精品资源共享课的建设发展之路和前景.     

柴油/甲醇组合燃烧特性及道路试验研究

在一台单缸增压中冷试验发动机上,研究了高转速下柴油/甲醇组合燃烧(DMCC)模式的缸内燃烧特性,结果表明DMCC模式具有预混燃烧比例成倍增加,燃烧持续时间大大缩短的特点;另外,DMCC模式的放热中心时刻提前,排气温度降低,热效率相比纯柴油模式得到大比例提高。在一辆重型卡车上进行了DMCC模式的道路试验,发现DMCC模式甲醇对柴油的替代率达到了28.28%,替换比仅为1.36,百公里平均燃料效率提高了11.15%。     

弯道交通流跟驰建模与稳定性分析

为发现弯道道路条件下交通流的演化特性及稳定条件,在全速度差最优模型的基础上,研究了弯道情况下的交通流跟驰模型表达式,并以状态空间法和控制系统的稳定性判据对其进行了稳定性分析,得到弯道情况下交通流的稳定条件,最后进行了数值模拟,验证了模型稳定条件的正确性.研究结果表明在相同的初始交通流密度情况下,弯道道路随着道路弧度的增大,交通流稳定性逐渐降低.     

Guided e-MRI prostate biopsy can solve the discordance between Gleason score biopsy and radical prostatectomy pathology

Introduction

The aim of this study is to examine if guided prostate biopsies based on abnormalities detected by conventional and functional endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yield a more reliable representation of the radical prostatectomy pathology and to identify probable preoperative clinical variables that stratified patients likely to harbor significant upgrading.

Patients and Methods

From April 2004 to April 2009, a review of N=70 patients records diagnosed with prostate cancer by a 3-6 core guided transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) prostate biopsy based on abnormalities detected by conventional and functional endorectal MRI and who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy and exhibited a significant upgrading was conducted. Additionally, a multivariate analysis with a significant upgrading as the outcome was performed including the following parameters: prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical stage, prostate size and duration from biopsy to radical prostatectomy.

Results

A significant upgrading was noted in only 8.5% of patients, with 1.4% exhibiting a significant downgrading and the rest 90.1% exhibiting an exact Gleason score match. No preoperative clinical variables that stratified patients likely to harbour significant upgrading were identified.

Conclusions

This type of biopsy method seems to solve the discordance between the biopsy Gleason score and radical prostatectomy pathology regardless of known preoperative clinical variables that can affect it.