Rate conservation laws: A survey

We survey the rate conservation law, RCL for short, arising in queues and related stochastic models. RCL was recognized as one of the fundamental principles to get relationships between time and embedded averages such as the extended Little's formulaH=G, but we show that it has other applications. For example, RCL is one of the important techniques for deriving equilibrium equations for stochastic processes. It is shown that the various techniques, including Mecke's formula for a stationary random measure, can be formulated as RCL. For this purpose, we start with a new definition of the rate with respect to a random measure, and generalize RCL by using it. We further introduce the notion of quasi-expectation, which is a certain extension of the ordinary expectation, and derive RCL applicable to the sample average results. It means that the sample average formulas such asH=G can be obtained as the stationary RCL in the quasi-expectation framework. We also survey several extensions of RCL and discuss examples. Throughout the paper, we would like to emphasize how results can be easily obtained by using a simple principle, RCL.     

基于改进克隆选择算法的统一混沌系统同步控制与参数辨识

提出一种改进的克隆选择算法用于解决混沌系统的参数辨识问题.该算法利用抗体的高频变异和受体编辑两种机制有效平衡算法的全局探索与局部开发，并引入向精英抗体学习策略进一步提高算法的收敛质量.对10个优化问题的实验表明：所提出算法在求解精度、收敛速度以及稳定性方面具有更好的性能.以参数未知统一混沌系统的同步控制为研究对象，合理设计同步控制器，并对同步系统的稳定性进行理论分析.通过对同步比例因子的设置，实现统一混沌系统的完全同步、反同步、投影同步等多种同步方式.仿真实验结果表明该方法能够实现对未知系统参数的精确辨识以及驱动-响应系统的有效同步控制，验证了所提方法的可行性与有效性.     

基于长短时记忆神经网络的能谱核素识别方法

针对新兴的能谱核素识别方法在混合放射性核素的噪声环境中存在识别速度慢、准确率较低等问题,提出了基于长短时记忆神经网络（LSTM）的能谱核素识别方法。实验使用溴化镧（LaBr₃）晶体探测器,分别对环境中⁶⁰Co、¹³⁷Cs放射性源分组测量得到能谱数据集,首先使用数据平滑方法和归一化方法进行数据预处理,然后将能谱数据按时间序列分组以获得可用的输入序列数组,最后训练LSTM模型得到预测结果。通过基于BP神经网络和卷积神经网络（CNN）的两个能谱识别模型进行对比,得到在测试集中平均识别率分别为83.45%和86.21%,而LSTM能谱识别模型平均识别率为93.04%,实验结果表明,该能谱模型在核素识别效果中表现较好,可用于快速的能谱核素识别设备上。     

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Purge Flow and Main Flow Interaction in a Low-Speed Turbine Cascade Passage

In order to protect the vulnerable turbine components from extreme high temperature, coolant flow is introduced from the compressor to the disk cavity, inevitably interacting with the main flow. This paper describes an experimental investigation of the interaction between the main flow and the purge flow in a low-speed turbine cascade with three purge flow rates, Cm = 0, Cm = 1%, and Cm = 2%. In order to study the effect of the interaction between the main flow and the purge flow on the secondary flows, a Rortex method developed by Liu Chaoquan is introduced to identify the vortex in the flow field. In the meantime, a method to calculate the mean entropy production rate based on the particle image velocimetry (PIV) result is adopted to investigate the flow loss. The PIV result indicates that the purge flow has a prominent impact on the flow field of the cascade passage, changing the velocity distribution that induces a local blockage area. The results of vortex identification show that the purge flow promotes the generation of the passage vortex near the suction side. In addition, the purge flow makes the passage vortex migrate to the tip wall direction, enlarging the region affected by the secondary flow. The mean entropy production (MEP) result shows that the flow loss is mainly caused by the passage vortex. The coincidence of the high-MEP region and the location of the passage vortex indicates that the purge flow increases the secondary flow loss by affecting the formation and the migration of the passage vortex.     

飞行器气动参数辨识进展

飞行器气动参数辨识研究的主题,是应用系统辨识技术从飞行试验数据求取气动力,从而建立飞行器动力学系统的数学模型.它研究的对象是飞行器;解决的是空气动力学问题;采用的基本方程是飞行动力学的运动方程组;应用的研究手段是现代控制论的滤波、预测和估计理论.它是处于空气动力学、飞行力学、弹性力学和现代控制论之间的应用性研究课题. 本文综述了国内外公开发表的飞行器参数辨识研究的理论结果和实践经验,分八个专题——模型辨识,参数估计,数据预处理和相容性检验,试验设计与最佳输入,弹性与非定常效应,频域辨识,闭环辨识,辨识准度与系统验证——评述其研究进展和现状.      

次贷危机下我国资本市场与银行体系跨市场风险传染实证研究

跨市场风险传染是在金融工具创新和金融业务融合的过程中,金融风险跨越原有金融分业经营界限由某一金融机构、金融市场向其他金融机构和市场传导的机制.本文通过构造资本市场三大价格指数,利用格兰杰(Granger)因果关系检验、向量自回归模型(VAR模型)、方差分解和脉冲响应函数对次贷危机给我国资本市场带来的金融风险向银行体系传导进行实证分析,并得出股票市场风险的跨市场传染是资本市场金融风险向银行体系传导的主要形式,股票市场对信贷市场的影响时间更长,而股票市场对票据市场的冲击强度更大.     

一株嗜温高效产氢细菌Clostridium sp.08-1的分离鉴定与产氢特征

从10L连续搅拌式罐式反应器(CSTR)中分离得到1株嗜温高效产氢菌株08-1.根据菌株的形态特征和16S rDNA序列结果分析,初步鉴定菌株08-1属于Clostridium sp..同时还进一步研究了温度、pH值控制、底物浓度和种类对菌株08-1产氢的影响.结果表明.该菌株更适合利用蔗糖或成分复杂的生物质木薯粉以及废弃物厨余垃圾生长及产氢,最适产氢温度为40℃,产氢系统pH值控制在5.5时获得最大产氢量.在间歇发酵中,蔗糖浓度为20 g/L,控制温度40℃,pH值5.5,搅拌速度100 r/min时实现最大产氢速率为245 mL·(L·h)~(-1),最大产氢量达到3.06 mol.该菌株在生物制氢中具有潜在的应用价值.     

东南沿海景观格局及其生态风险演化研究——以宁波北仑区为例

以宁波北仑区1990,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015年6期LandsatTM/OLI遥感影像为数据源,提取景观格局数据,进行景观格局及其生态风险区时空演化特征分析.结果表明:(1)研究区的主要景观类型是林地与耕地,景观演化的主要特征表现为建设用地景观面积大量增加,耕地景观面积明显减少,区域景观破碎化愈加明显;(2)25a间,研究区内低生态风险区大量减少,而中、较高和高生态风险区面积大大增加;高生态风险区主要分布于北部平原地区,重心向西南方向移动,人类活动使山麓地带大量低生态风险区转变为较低生态风险区;(3)1990~2015年,研究区内由低等级转向高等级的生态风险区面积占研究区总面积的42.5%;前期以低生态风险区、较低生态风险区转向中生态风险区为主,后阶段以中生态风险区转向较高生态风险区、高生态风险区的比例有所增加;1990~1995年、2000~2005年、2010~2015年3个时间段生态风险转换面积较大.     

平面团簇稳定结构的蒙特卡罗树搜索

以平面团簇为例提出了一种结合结构识别和蒙特卡罗树技术搜索稳定结构的新方法.体系原子之间的相互作用由两类模型势能函数来描述:Lennard-Jones二体势函数与基于Lennard-Jones势的三体势函数.考虑可能的三角晶格碎片作为候选结构,引入编号策略对结构进行快速识别,并运用蒙特卡罗树搜索研究稳定结构随着原子数增大的演化过程;对于能量较低的候选结构,进一步采取局域优化来获得对应体系的稳定结构.计算表明,Lennard-Jones二体势函数对应的三角晶格团簇更稳定;在特定的参数下,三体势函数对应的六角晶格团簇更稳定.结合结构识别和蒙特卡罗树搜索可以对候选结构空间进行高效扫描,在较短时间内更容易搜索到稳定的团簇结构,并可以与第一原理计算结合实现材料的结构预测.     

Simultaneous estimation of Poisson means

In the simultaneous estimation of means from independent Poisson distributions, an estimator is developed which incorporates a prior mean and variance for each Poisson mean estimated. This estimator possesses substantially smaller risk than the usual estimator in a region of the parameter space and seems superior to other estimators proposed to estimate p Poisson means. It is indicated through two asymptotic results that, unlike the conjugate Bayes estimator, the risk of the estimator does not greatly exceed the risk of the usual estimator outside of the region of risk improvement.