汽车消费、住房抵押贷款违约特性及对策

本通过对比住房抵押贷款和汽车消费贷款的违约特性，得出在利率由央行统一规定的条件下，对住房抵押贷款和汽车消费贷款，实行同样的首付款政策是不合理的，这导致目前汽车消费贷款的违约率居高不下。对于住房抵押贷款，银行可以适当降低首付款，来提高本银行住房抵押贷款在市场的竞争力，对于汽车消费贷款，可以通过采取提高汽车贷款首付款的措施，来降低违约率，控制抵押贷款风险。     

Dissecting income segregation: Impacts of concentrated affluence on segregation of poverty

This article investigates how income inequality shapes residential segregation by income. Using agent-based modeling, it develops a residential preferences model that is capable of generating results mimicking empirical income segregation patterns. Simulation analysis shows how varying income inequality produces differential residential mobility outcomes that alter income segregation profiles. The model is used to capture the distinct impacts of households’ moves into richer or poorer neighborhoods, and how these impacts are further differentiated with respect to the moving household’s income. The article demonstrates how aggregating such diverse outcomes of micro-level interactions at a meso-level can help us to better understand the changes in macro-level income segregation patterns. Analyzing residential mobility patterns carefully, the article suggests that i) segregation of affluence and of poverty can trigger each other via initiating cascades of residential mobility and housing prices, and ii) increasing income inequality can disrupt housing market and lead to shortages in affordable housing, which can yield high residential instability and eviction rates among the poorest stratum.     

我国居民储蓄对收入的敏感性分析

我国的居民储蓄始终高居不下,国内市场疲软,有效需求不足,这是制约整个国民经济可持续发展的一个重要症结。本文采用实证研究和理论分析相结合的方法,通过建立回归模型,进行协整分析,发现正是由于储蓄对收入强敏感性的存在,在很大程度上引发了居民的高储蓄倾向,进而探讨了其内在的原因。     

窗飘对乌鲁木齐居住建筑采暖能耗的影响分析

以乌鲁木齐某实际居住建筑为例,采用三种设计模型,对于飘窗设计引起的居住建筑能耗增加进行了分析计算,提醒建筑师在严寒区居住建筑设计中谨慎使用飘窗.     

Residential relocation dynamics: A microeconomic model based on agents’ socioeconomic change and learning

This article develops a mathematical model for residential location choice in which previous experience is considered via a dynamic learning process and each agent evaluates location decisions according to their utility. Agents’ idiosyncratic behavior is modeled, assuming a stochastic willingness to pay based on dwelling and neighborhood attributes and households’ socioeconomics. Additionally, the willingness to pay is affected by the agent’s experience of the urban context in previous periods. Numerical examples are given, and simulations are conducted using linear bid functions. Additionally, concepts of urban dynamics are used in the long-term, assuming quasi-equilibrium in the bids considering the externalities of urban configurations. The results are compared with a static outcome corresponding to the equilibrium model of land use. The comparison is performed using indices of urban segregation and both short- and long-term configurations. The studied dynamics show that static modeling does not explain all the features associated with such a configuration of the urban system (in both short and long term).     

居民用户峰谷分时气价模型及其优化求解方法

针对天然气的居民用户制定合理的峰谷分时气价,能有效地削峰填谷,从而保证燃气管道安全稳定地运行。本文构建用户需求响应和满意度函数,并在此基础上建立以最小化最大峰负荷和峰谷负荷差,及最大化用户满意度为目标的需求侧峰谷分时气价优化模型。采用蚁群算法对模型进行求解,该算法收敛性较好,同时也避免局部最优的缺点。算例结果表明,在兼顾公平与效率的前提下,峰谷分时气价模型能有效地降低最大峰负荷和峰谷负荷差,同时存在最优的峰、平、谷价格,使得用户满意度最大;另外本文也验证了模型的有效性及可行性。此方法为天然气合理定价机制的建立及政策的制定提供了理论依据。     

基于SEM模型的轨道交通对住宅价格的空间效应——以杭州市为例

轨道交通是城市公共交通体系的重要组成部分,其规划建设对住宅价格具有很强的正外部性。基于特征价格理论,引入了空间经济计量学分析方法和模型,以杭州市轨道交通一至三期规划内的10条地铁线路和杭州市范围内2 393个住宅样本为研究对象,实证研究了轨道交通对周边住宅价格的空间效应,构建了相应的指标体系,并用SEM模型进行定量分析。研究结果表明：(1)构建的指标体系经空间误差模型拟合后对杭州市住宅价格具有较好的解释能力;(2)处于不同建设阶段的地铁线路和站点对住宅价格的空间效应差异明显;(3)地铁站点在不同区间范围内对住宅价格的空间效应不同;(4)杭州市已通车轨道交通站点在1 000~1 500 m内对住宅价格的影响较为显著。     

基于多指标区间逼近的住宅建筑节能改造方案评价

鉴于住宅建筑节能改造的效果的总体评价的复杂性及其影响因素的不确定性,将区间数关联决策方法应用于节能改造效果的评价领域.通过引入区间数序列的范数完成多指标决策矩阵的规范化处理,建立多指标区间数整体逼近关联决策模型,完成住宅建筑节能效果评估得出最终结论.计算实例验证了该模型的有效性和实用性,较好地解决了住宅建筑节能改造效果评价的实际问题,取得较为满意的结果.     

指数O-U过程下保证险的保险精算定价

引入期权定价理论,利用保险精算方法,得到了全额担保和部分担保两类保证险的保险精算定价公式,其中未偿付额为常数,房产价格服从指数O-U过程.     

聚类法分析美国次贷危机对全球股市的影响

研究以全球具有代表性的37种股指的周收益率作为资料来源,以爆发一年多来的美国次贷危机为背景,将2007年4月～2008年11月的数据分为五个阶段,用聚类分析方法研究美国次贷危机对全球股市的影响.实证结果表明:1)欧美大部分国家的股市与美国股市密切相关,在次贷危机经历的第三个阶段和第五个阶段,亚洲一些国家的股市也受到美国股市的影响,且第五个阶段的影响范围是最广的.2)中国大陆股市在整个过程中都保持着相对较独立的走势.