应急响应的时效性评估问题研究

应对突发事件的关键在于时间上要快,效果上要好,综合考虑这两方面的评估被称为时效性评估。应急响应程序是由多个具有逻辑先后顺序的应对行动组成的,前面行动执行的效果会对后面的行动产生影响,不同行动的特点和评价指标是不一样的。根据行动的评价指标与其时效性的定性关系,通过构造函数定量表达的方法,给出了不同行动的时效性评估函数。并针对资金固定时单行动的时效性评估问题进行了理论研究,通过推导证得该行动不同质量的同一种类资源的配比存在着最优值,使得其时效性评估函数值达到最大。本研究对分析影响时效性的主要因素奠定了基础。     

A multi-level Taguchi-factorial two-stage stochastic programming approach for characterization of parameter uncertainties and their interactions: An application to water resources management

This paper presents a multi-level Taguchi-factorial two-stage stochastic programming (MTTSP) approach for supporting water resources management under parameter uncertainties and their interactions. MTTSP is capable of performing uncertainty analysis, policy analysis, factor screening, and interaction detection in a comprehensive and systematic way. A water resources management problem is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. The results indicate that interval solutions can be generated for the objective function and decision variables, and a variety of decision alternatives can be obtained under different policy scenarios. The experimental data obtained from the Taguchi’s orthogonal array design are helpful in identifying the significant factors affecting the total net benefit. Then the findings from the multi-level factorial experiment reveal the latent interactions among those important factors and their curvature effects on the model response. Such a sequential strategy of experimental designs is useful in analyzing the interactions for a large number of factors in a computationally efficient manner.     

Criticality of metal resources for functional materials used in electronics and microelectronics

In microelectronic devices a multitude of essential, indispensable metals is functionalized. Many of these metals are scarce and rather often only mined as by‐products of base metals. For the industry but also for the development of new technologies this situation can evoke serious restrictions. In order to foresee, validate and minimize such risks a criticality concept is described. In this concept quantitative and qualitative criteria like scarcity, geo‐political restrictions, economic availability, efficiency, recyclability, potential dissipation, social and cultural factors, ecologic impacts, etc. are considered in order to define a reliable, sustainable and responsible implementation of strategic functional metals and materials into technical systems. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

四明山国家森林公园野生植物资源的开发利用与保护对策

四明山国家森林公园自然条件优越,森林覆盖率高,野生植物资源蕴藏丰富,有高等植物1226种,隶属于164科．根据用途可将它们分为食用、药用、观赏、工业用、饲料植物五大类,其中食用植物共有257种,占总数的20．96％;药用植物共有588种,占总数的47．96％;观赏植物共有383种。占31．24％：工业用植物共有342种,占总数的27．90％;饲料植物共81种,占6．60％．通过对四明山国家森林公园野生植物资源情况和利用现状的调查,提出合理开发利用园内野生植物资源的建议．同时由于人们尚未对野生植物有较好的保护意识,对一些已具商品价值的野生植物随意采集和肆意破坏,造成一些物种的不断减少,有的甚至濒临灭绝．我们就此提出一些保护对策,希望在保护前提下较好地开发利用这些野生植物资源,使这些野生植物资源得到永续利用．     

新能源变革背景下的超导电力技术发展前景

自从1911年超导体发现以来,人们一直梦想超导体能够在电力技术中得到大规模应用.20世纪60年代以来,随着NbTi超导线材,特别是氧化物高温超导带材达到商业化水平,世界范围内广泛地开展了超导电力技术的研究与应用示范.单从技术上讲,超导电力技术已经接近实用化水平.当今,人类社会正在经历一次新的能源变革,超导电力技术在应对能源变革带来的挑战方面将会发挥重要的作用.文章介绍了近年来超导电力技术的发展趋势,并就其在新能源变革背景下的发展前景进行了探讨.     

超导技术在未来电网中的应用

大力发展可再生能源并实现清洁能源变革,是当今能源领域的大趋势。随着可再生能源越来越多地接入电网,将对直流输电和大规模储能技术提出愈加迫切的需求。在此背景下,超导直流输电技术、超导直流限流器以及基于超导电性的电力储能技术等具有潜在的应用前景。文章较为系统地介绍上述直流超导电力装置的原理、优势以及近些年国内外的进展等。     

An efficient task allocation framework for scheduled data in edge based Internet of Things using hybrid optimization algorithm approach

Allocation of tasks in IoT is an integral and critical approach to finding a perfect match between scheduled tasks of a particular application and Edge-based processing devices for instant response and efficient utilization of resources to make them renewable. We need a protocol to help optimize the problem of allocating processing devices to the tasks, as task allocation is considered an NP-hard problem to prevent problems with energy consumption and response time problems. For this, a hybrid bio-inspired Swarm-based approach will improve the solution to optimize the matching of a task to a particular device. This paper proposed a Meta-heuristic algorithm to optimize Energy and Time-delay for allocating tasks to the edge-based Processing device in IoT. The proposed algorithm called the Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony whales Optimization algorithm (HAWO) is formulated by integrating Artificial Bee Colony with the Whales Optimization algorithm to overcome the search process of an Artificial Bee Colony, which converges too soon due to the local search of Employee Bee phase and Onlooker Bee phase causing the problem of looping. From the simulation results conducted in Matlab, it is observed that the integrated HAWO method shows promising results in terms of Energy and Time Delay when compared with Artificial Bee Colony and Whales Optimization algorithms separately. Also, proposed method when compared with the benchmark work shows significant improvements of 50%, 25% and 60% in terms of Energy, Time Delay and Best cost, respectively.     

Novel Synthetic Strategy for the Production of Fully Bio-Based Binders Using 2,5-Diformylfuran

In this work, resol based binders were prepared with lignin, resorcinol and the bio-based aldehydic platform chemicals 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). In preliminary studies, the solubility and stability of DFF in aqueous-alkaline conditions was investigated. Various binders were prepared to investigate the influence of the HMF-DFF ratio and the influence of the aldehyde concentration on the molar mass, rheological properties and curing characteristics of the final binders. It is shown that significantly higher molecular weights and viscosities are obtained by using DFF instead of HMF. The properties of the final binder could also be affected by the precise choice of DFF concentration, as this resulted in higher levels of crosslinking. This work offers a novel type of fully bio-based binder that consists of non-toxic components and is therefore less hazardous than some conventional binders.     

The structure of optimal solutions for harvesting a renewable resource

We consider the problem of optimal harvesting of a renewable resource whose dynamics are governed by logistic growth and whose payoff is proportional to the harvest. We consider both the case of a finite and an infinite time horizon and analyse the structure of the optimal solutions and their dependence on the parameters of the model. We show that the optimal policy can only have one of three structures: (1) maximal harvesting effort until the resource is depleted, (2) zero harvesting during an initial time interval followed by a subsequent switch to maximal harvesting effort, or (3) a singular solution, which corresponds to an intermediate level of harvesting, accompanied by the most rapid approach path. All three scenarios emerge, with minor variations, with finite and infinite time horizons, depending on the particular combination of parameters of the system. We characterize the conditions under which the singular solution is optimal and present suggestions for designing an optimal and sustainable harvesting strategy. Recommendations for Resource Managers :

• We have rigorously explored a standard optimal harvesting model and its steady states.
• We show that three different types of solutions may emerge: (i) maximal harvesting eventually leading to a complete depletion of the stock; (ii) maximal harvesting with a potential period of idleness leading to a positive stock; (iii) an initial phase of either no or full harvesting followed by a period of intermediate harvesting intensity leading to a positive stock (singular solution).
• With some modifications, similar results hold for a finite planning horizon.
• Which of these three scenarios emerges in the finite horizon case depends not only on the parameter values but also on the length of the planning horizon.