Mechanism for viscoelastic emulsion displacing oil film – A numerical simulation approach

The reservoir characteristics and fluid property of Daqing reservoir were taken as the research platform. For simulating the emulsifying process in the reservoir, injecting different concentrations of emulsifier solution into the core after water flooding, the viscoelasticity of the emulsion was measured. According to the value of the emulsion viscoelasticity, the numerical model of emulsion displacing oil film was established. Elastic stress acting on the oil film was calculated when the emulsion migrates. The deformation and transportation of the oil film were analyzed at bearing the elastic stress. The results show that the emulsion has favorable viscoelasticity. When the emulsifier concentration is higher, the emulsion elasticity is favorably increased. The oil film can deform and transport forward by the elastic stress. The elastic stress increases as the emulsion elasticity increases.     

A comparative study to evaluate the performance of coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for adsorption of asphaltene from crude oil in bench scale

The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles coated with polythiophene (PT), Mil-101 (Cr) (MOF), graphene oxide (GO), SiO₂, and chitosan for adsorption of asphaltene from crude oil in a bench scale setup. All nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method. The characteristics of nanoparticles were verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analyses. The concentration of nanoparticles was kept constant at the optimum value of 10g?L^?1. The amount of asphaltene adsorption was determined at different contact times of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, and 4 hours. The results showed that the adsorption increased with contact time and reached equilibrium after about 2 hours in both continuous and batch experiments. The amount of asphaltene adsorption was lower in continuous experiments compared to batch experiments. However, it was found that magnetic nanoparticles are applicable for inhibition of asphaltene precipitation under flow conditions. Furthermore, polythiophene coating on magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles had the highest capacity for asphaltene adsorption. Besides, by applying a magnetic field, the magnetic nanoparticles that adsorbed asphaltene can be separated from crude oil to prevent asphaltene aggregation and precipitation.     

Effect of emulsifier HLB and stabilizer addition on the physical stability of thyme essential oil emulsions

The objective of this work was to formulate and to further improve the stability of emulsions based on thyme essential oil. Several nonionic surfactants of different nature and with different hydrophilic?lipophilic balance (HLB) values were investigated. The surfactant with optimal HLB found for the thyme essential oil was Appyclean 6548 (HLB: 9-9.5). Afterwards, stabilizing biopolymers were added in order to improve emulsion stability. Properties of emulsions were evaluated in terms of droplet size and physical stability. Thyme essential oil/W emulsions formulated with a new biodegradable emulsifier (alkyl polypentoside) and welan gum as stabilizer were obtained with high shelf-life.     

加拿大油砂沥青减压渣油在CO/H2-H2O作用下的热改质特性研究

以加拿大油砂沥青大于420℃的减压渣油（BVR）为原料,对比研究其在CO/H₂-H₂O和N₂体系中的热改质特性,通过系统分析BVR在H₂-H₂O、CO-H₂O、N₂-H₂O等不同氢源下的热改质特性以揭示CO/H₂-H₂O对渣油热改质的作用机制,最后探讨合成气压力、含水量以及温度对BVR临CO/H₂-H₂O改质生焦倾向的影响。结果表明,与临氮改质相比,相同反应条件下,合成气和水可使BVR热改质的生焦诱导期延长3.5-6.5 min;相同生焦率（约0.1%）时,合成气和水可显著提升BVR热改质降黏率,410℃时相对临氮改质的降黏率为29.1%,而420℃时可达54.6%。比较不同氢源下BVR热改质的生焦诱导期、改质油黏度和安定性、渣油转化率发现,H₂-H₂O、CO-H₂O、N₂-H₂O等均对BVR热改质表现出与CO/H₂-H₂O相同的促进效果,各氢源作用活性的大小顺序为H₂-H₂O > CO/H₂-H₂O > CO-H₂O > N₂-H₂O。由此可知,CO/H₂-H₂O对渣油热改质的促进作用可归因于氢气、CO水热变换新生氢和水热裂解的综合效应,且其中氢气的作用仍最显著。合成气压力、含水量和反应温度可通过影响不同氢源的贡献而调控BVR临CO/H₂-H₂O改质生焦倾向。低成本易获取的合成气可以提供BVR热降黏改质所需氢源,水能够通过CO水热变换反应供出新生活泼氢而协同合成气实现BVR高效改质。     

抚顺乙烯焦油的精馏分离与气相色谱-质谱联用分析

为避免乙烯焦油作为燃料粗放燃烧造成的芳烃资源浪费与环境污染,我们以抚顺乙烯焦油为原料,常压蒸馏切割<280 ℃馏分,然后采用填充柱进行常压精馏,将<280 ℃馏分切割为12个馏分段(40~150 ℃、150~170 ℃、170~180 ℃、180~190 ℃、190~200 ℃、200~210 ℃、210~220 ℃、220~230 ℃、230~240 ℃、240~250 ℃、250~260 ℃和260~280 ℃),以达到对抚顺乙烯焦油的精馏分离。 以HP-5MS毛细管填充柱为色谱柱,对得到的12个馏分段进行气相色谱-质谱联用定性、定量分析,为乙烯焦油中芳烃的提取和乙烯焦油深加工利用提供具有指导价值的分析数据。 结果显示,抚顺乙烯焦油<280 ℃馏分占焦油总量的52.2%,主要由1~4芳香烃组成。 单环、三环和四环芳烃质量分数较少,单环芳烃主要为苯的衍生物,质量分数为5.8%,3环和4环芳烃占2.998%,主要为苊、芴、蒽、菲、芘等。 抚顺乙烯焦油中质量分数最多的双环芳烃为萘,其次为β-甲基萘、α-甲基萘和1,4-二氢萘,它们在各馏分段的最高分布分别为41.152%、16.729%、12.089%和9.046%。 由此乙烯焦油可作为提取高附加值芳环类精细化工产品的良好原料。     

Synthesis and characterization of itaconic‐based epoxy resins

A trifunctional epoxy resin from itaconic acid (TEIA) was synthesized from a renewable resource‐based itaconic acid by allylation of itaconic acid to form diallyl itaconate by using m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid as oxidizing agents followed by epoxidation of allylic C═C bond of diallyl itaconate methylhexahydropthalic anhydride as curing agent in the presence of 2‐methyl imidazole as a catalyst. The chemical structure of the synthesized resins was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H‐NMR and ¹³C‐NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The mechanical, thermal, and rheological performances of the TEIA were also investigated and compared with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and a plant‐based epoxidized soybean oil bioresin cured with the same curing agent. The higher epoxy value of 1.02, lower viscosity (0.96 Pa s at 25°C), higher mechanical, and higher curing reactivity toward methylhexahydropthalic anhydride of TEIA as compared with epoxidized soybean oil and comparable with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A demonstrated significant evidence to design and develop a novel bio‐based epoxy resin with high performance to substitute the petroleum‐based epoxy resin.     

Novel fibrous composites based on electrospun PSF and PVDF ultrathin fibers reinforced with inorganic nanoparticles: Evaluation as oil spill sorbents

Oil spill accidents and oily wastewaters induce a negative impact to the environment and human health. Therefore, the developing of new sorbent materials to combat promptly such type of pollution is of great interest. In this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride) and polysulfone ultrathin fibers reinforced with Halloysite nanoclay and CoFe₂O₄ were developed via electrospinning method as composite sorbent materials. Fibrous composites were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic property and the wetting behavior were ascertained by magnetometric and contact angle measurements, respectively. Results showed that the morphology of fibers was homogeneous, and the inorganic particles were properly dispersed within the polymeric matrix. Finally, sorbents were tested for sorption of oily liquids. Produced materials revealed the sorption capacities ranging from 3.70 to 10.01 g/g for poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐based composites, and from 15.69 to 28.21 g/g for polysulfone‐based composites, depending on the nature of tested oil.     

Preparation of emulsion‐templated fluorinated polymers and their application in oil/water separation

A series of emulsion‐templated fluorinated polymers (polyHIPEs) were first synthesized with introducing 2‐(perfluorohexyl)ethyl methacrylate (PEM) to the external phase of water‐in‐styrene high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templates. The morphology (i.e., void size and its distribution) of these porous materials could be tuned simply by changing PEM and/or surfactant amount. The synergistic effect between the surface chemistry and surface architecture allowed the polyHIPEs to possess hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 151°. The superhydrophobicity and oleophilicity of the polyHIPEs, together with their highly open porous structure, make the material a very competitive candidate as a filtration material for oil/water separation in practice with the efficiency of separating dichloromethane from the oil/water mixture of 95%. Such oil/water separating capacity was maintained after 10 cycles of filtration of oil/water, indicating the cyclic usage of the polyHIPE is feasible. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 1508–1515