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101.
Let F:Cn Cn be a holomorphic map, Fk be the kth iterate ofF, and p Cn be a periodic point of F of period k. That is,Fk(p) = p, but for any positive integer j with j < k, Fj(p) p. If p is hyperbolic, namely if DFk(p) has no eigenvalue ofmodulus 1, then it is well known that the dynamical behaviourof F is stable near the periodic orbit = {p, F(p),..., Fk1(p)}.But if is not hyperbolic, the dynamical behaviour of F near may be very complicated and unstable. In this case, a veryinteresting bifurcational phenomenon may occur even though may be the only periodic orbit in some neighbourhood of : forgiven M N\{1}, there may exist a Cr-arc {Ft: t [0,1]} (wherer N or r = ) in the space H(Cn) of holomorphic maps from Cninto Cn, such that F0 = F and, for t (0,1], Ft has an Mk-periodicorbit t with as t 0. Theperiod thus increases by a factor M under a Cr-small perturbation!If such an Ft does exist, then , as well as p, is said to beM-tupling bifurcational. This definition is independent of r. For the above F, there may exist a Cr-arc in H(Cn), with t [0,1], such that and, for t (0,1], has two distinct k-periodic orbits t,1 and t,2 with d(t,i, ) 0 as t 0 for i = 1,2. If such an does exist, then , as well as p, is said to be 1-tupling bifurcational. In recent decades, there have been many papers and remarkableresults which deal with period doubling bifurcations of periodicorbits of parametrized maps. L. Block and D. Hart pointed outthat period M-tupling bifurcations cannot occur for M >2 in the 1-dimensional case. There are examples showing thatfor any M N, period M-tupling bifurcations can occur in higher-dimensionalcases. An M-tupling bifurcational periodic orbit as defined here actsas a critical orbit which leads to period M-tupling bifurcationsin some parametrized maps. The main result of this paper isthe following. Theorem. Let k N and M N, and let F: C2 C2 be a holomorphicmap with k-periodic point p. Then p is M-tupling bifurcationalif and only if DFk(p) has a non-zero periodic point of periodM. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 32H50, 58F14. 相似文献
102.
Friedrich Wehrung 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》1999,127(2):363-370
The Congruence Lattice Problem asks whether every algebraic distributive lattice is isomorphic to the congruence lattice of a lattice. It was hoped that a positive solution would follow from E. T. Schmidt's construction or from the approach of P. Pudlák, M. Tischendorf, and J. Tuma. In a previous paper, we constructed a distributive algebraic lattice with compact elements that cannot be obtained by Schmidt's construction. In this paper, we show that the same lattice cannot be obtained using the Pudlák, Tischendorf, Tuma approach.
The basic idea is that every congruence lattice arising from either method satisfies the Uniform Refinement Property, that is not satisfied by our example. This yields, in turn, corresponding negative results about congruence lattices of sectionally complemented lattices and two-sided ideals of von Neumann regular rings.
103.
Julie Kerr 《Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics》1999,9(1):47-60
For a fixed positive integer k, consider the collection of all affine hyperplanes in n-space given by xi – xj = m, where i, j [n], i j, and m {0, 1,..., k}. Let Ln,k be the set of all nonempty affine subspaces (including the empty space) which can be obtained by intersecting some subset of these affine hyperplanes. Now give Ln,k a lattice structure by ordering its elements by reverse inclusion. The symmetric group Gn acts naturally on Ln,k by permuting the coordinates of the space, and this action extends to an action on the top homology of Ln,k. It is easy to show by computing the character of this action that the top homology is isomorphic as an Gn-module to a direct sum of copies of the regular representation, CGn. In this paper, we construct an explicit basis for the top homology of Ln,k, where the basis elements are indexed by all labelled, rooted, (k + 1)-ary trees on n-vertices in which the root has no 0-child. This construction gives an explicit Gn-equivariant isomorphism between the top homology of Ln,k and a direct sum of copies of CGn. 相似文献
104.
Several aspects of localized defects in the Frenkel-Kontorova, classicalXY chain and analogous models with a finite range of interactions are discussed from a general point of view. Precise definitions are given for defect phase shifts (charges) and for creation, pinning, and interaction energies. Corresponding definitions are also provided for interfaces (localized regions separating two phases). For the nearest-neighbor Frenkel-Kontorova model, the various defect energies are related to areas enclosed by contours joining heteroclinic points of the area-preserving map generated by the conditions of mechanical equilibrium. 相似文献
105.
The dynamics of bistable oscillators driven by periodic dichotomous noise is described. The stochastic differential equation governing the flow implies smooth trajectories between noise switching events. The dynamics of the two-branched map induced by this flow is a Markov process. Harmonic and quartic models of the bistable potential are studied in the overdamped limit. In the linear (harmonic) case the dynamics can be reduced to a stochastic one-dimensional map with two branches. The moments decay exponentially in this case, although the invariant measure may be multifractal. For strong damping, relaxation induces a cascade leading to a Cantor set and anomalous decay of the density in this case is modeled by a Markov chain. For the physically more realistic case of a quartic potential many additional features arise since the contraction factor is distance dependent. By tuning the barrier-height parameter in the quartic potential, noise-induced transition rates with the characteristics of intermittency are found. 相似文献
106.
CompletelyPositiveDefiniteMapsOverTopological-algebrasXuTianzhou(DepartmentofAppliedMathematics,BeijingInstituteofTechnofogy,... 相似文献
107.
108.
We study generalized equations of the following form: (render) where f is Fréchet differentiable in a neighborhood of a solution x* of (*) and g is Fréchet differentiable at x* and where F is a set-valued map acting in Banach spaces. We prove the existence of a sequence (xk) satisfying which is super-linearly convergent to a solution of (*). We also present other versions of this iterative procedure that have superlinear and quadratic convergence, respectively. 相似文献
0f(x)+g(x)+F(x),
109.
In a 1967 paper, Banchoff described a theory of critical points and curvature for polyhedra embedded in Euclidean space. For each convex cell complex K in
, and for each linear map
satisfying a simple generality criterion, he defined an index for each vertex of K with respect to the map h, and showed that these indices satisfy two properties: (1) for each map h, the sum of the indices at all the vertices of K equalsχK and (2) for each vertex of K, the integral of the indices of the vertex with respect to all such linear maps equals the standard polyhedral notion of curvature of K at the vertex. In a previous paper, the author defined a different approach to curvature for arbitrary simplicial complexes, based upon a more direct generalization of the angle defect. In the present paper we present an analog of Banchoff ’s theory that works with our generalized angle defect. 相似文献
110.