Ordered mesoporous materials in the context of drug delivery systems and bone tissue engineering

Chemistry, materials science and medicine are research areas that converge in the field of drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. This paper tries to introduce an example of such an interaction, aimed at solving health issues within the world of biomaterials. Ordered mesoporous materials can be loaded with different organic molecules that would be released afterwards, in a controlled fashion, inside a living body. These materials can also react with the body fluids giving rise to carbonated nanoapatite particles as the products of such a chemical interaction; these particles, equivalent to biological apatites, enable the regeneration of bone tissue.     

Regeneration of total RNA purification silica-based columns

Silica-based columns are largely used in RNA purification, allowing fast extractions and good yields of high quality nucleic acid, but their major limitation is the high cost. The reuse of such columns, although desirable, is not recommended because of residual amounts of material from the previous sample trapped in the column matrix, which might be released during further purification. Thus, recycling does need previous complete removal of any detectable RNA trace, but to date no protocol which allows decontamination and reuse is available.We report a very rapid decontamination procedure, based on treatment with warm alkaline solution containing Triton X-100, which ensures no RNA carry-over, and allows the recycling of columns without impairment of their efficiency in high-quality RNA purification even after several regeneration rounds.     

制备方法对AgCeY吸附剂脱硫性能的影响

以硅铝比为5.3的NaY分子筛为母体,分别采用微波辅助离子交换法(AgCeY-1)、水热离子交换法(AgCeY-2)和液相离子交换法(AgCeY-3)制备了AgCeY-n吸附剂,并利用XRD、BET、XPS和Py-FTIR对吸附剂进行了表征。以噻吩和苯并噻吩为模型硫化物,甲苯和环己烯为竞争吸附组分,考察了制备方法对制备得到的吸附剂脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,AgCeY-n吸附剂上Ag、Ce元素分别以Ag~+、Ce~(4+)形式存在。经微波辅助离子交换法制备得到的AgCeY-1吸附剂表面Ag~+、Ce~(4+)含量均最高,且具有最高的L酸和B酸量。AgCeY-n吸附剂对硫化物的吸附选择大小顺序为:BTTP,竞争吸附组分对AgCeY-n吸附脱硫性能的影响顺序为:环己烯甲苯。在所研究的制备方法中,微波辅助离子交换法所需时间最短(20 min),合成的AgCeY-1对所研究的模拟油的吸附效果均最好,且具有较好的重复使用性能。各吸附剂对TP和BT的脱除能力大小顺序为:AgCeY-1AgCeY-2AgCeY-3。     

Substrate selectivity of Gluconobacter oxydans for production of 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid and synthesis of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid in a multienzyme system

Substrate selectivity of Gluconobacter oxydans (ATCC 9937) for 2,5-diketo-d-gluconic acid (2,5-DKG) production was investigated with glucose, gluconic acid, and gluconolactone in different concentrations using a resting-cell system. The results show that gluconic acid was utilized favorably by G. oxydans as substrate to produce 2,5-DKG. The strain was coupled with glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and 2,5-DKG reductase for synthesis of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG), a direct precursor of l-ascorbic acid, from glucose. NADP and NADPH were regenerated between GDH and 2,5-DKG reductase. The mole yield of 2-KLG of this multienzyme system was 16.8%. There are three advantages for using the resting cells of G. oxydans to connect GDH with 2,5-DKG reductase for production of 2-KLG: gluconate produced by GDH may immediately be transformed into 2,5-DKG so that a series of problems generally caused by the accumulation of gluconate would be avoided; 2,5-DKG is supplied directly and continuously for 2,5-DKG reductase, so it is unnecessary to take special measures to deal with this unstable substrate as it was in Sonoyama’s tandem fermentation process; and NADP(H) was regenerated within the system without any other components or systems.     

Degradable,microporous vascular prosthesis from segmented polyurethane

Small caliber (1.5 mm I. D.) vascular prostheses have been prepared from fractionated segmented polyurethane.The microporous and compliant prosthesis when implanted in the abdominal aorta of the rat, induced the growth of a neo-conduit, with a cellular structure similar to that of the natural artery. The process of growth of the neo-artery was accompanied by a progressive degradation of the prosthesis.Presented in part at the 11th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Artificial Organs, Alpbach-Innsbruck, September 1984.     

UF6 plasma chemistry reconstitution experiments using high-temperature fluorine

Prior results indicate techniques have been developed for fluid mechanical confinement of high-temperature uranium hexafluoride (UF₆) plasma for long test times while simultaneously minimizing uranium compound deposition on the walls. Follow-on investigations were conducted to demonstrate a UF₆/argon injection, separation, and reconstitution system for use with rf-heated uranium plasma confinement experiments applicable to UF₆ plasma core reactors. A static fluorine batch-type regeneration test reactor and a flowing preheated fluorine/UF₆ regeneration system were developed for converting all the nonvolatile uranium compound exhaust products back to pure UF₆ using a single reactant. Pure fluorine preheat temperatures up to 1000 K resulted in on-line regeneration efficiencies up to about 90%; static batch-type experiments resulted in 100% regeneration efficiencies but required significantly longer residence times. A custom-built, ruggedized time-of-flight (T.O.F.) mass spectrometer, sampling, and data acquisition system permitted on-line quantitative measurements of the UF₆ concentrations down to 30 ppm at various sections of the exhaust system; this system proved operational after long-time exposure to corrosive UF₆ and other uranium halides.     

Formic acid regeneration by electromembrane processes

Waters containing low amounts of sodium formate and sodium hydroxide were processed in order to regenerate formic acid. The treatment was performed in three steps: wastewaters neutralization, sodium formate concentration by conventional electrodialysis (ED), and sodium formate splitting into formic acid and sodium hydroxide by bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). A coupling of these processes was performed. ED was carried out with a current efficiency of 90% and sodium formate concentration up to 2 mol dm⁻³. BMED was performed in a three-compartment cell configuration. Formic acid solution up to 30% was obtained with current efficiency of 80% under a current density of 500 A m⁻². Diffusion of molecular formic acid explains the current efficiency loss. The current efficiency varies with acid concentration and current density. Diffusion is more important through the anion-exchange membrane than through the bipolar membrane (2.5-fold).

Depleted salt produced in BMED was recycled to the neutralisation step.     

The Antioxidant Phytochemical Schisandrin A Promotes Neural Cell Proliferation and Differentiation after Ischemic Brain Injury

Schisandrin A (SCH) is a natural bioactive phytonutrient that belongs to the lignan derivatives found in Schisandra chinensis fruit. This study aims to investigate the impact of SCH on promoting neural progenitor cell (NPC) regeneration for avoiding stroke ischemic injury. The promoting effect of SCH on NPCs was evaluated by photothrombotic model, immunofluorescence, cell line culture of NPCs, and Western blot assay. The results showed that neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1) was positive with Map2 positive nerve fibers in the ischemic area after using SCH. In addition, Nestin and SOX2 positive NPCs were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the penumbra and core. Further analysis identified that SCH can regulate the expression level of cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42). In conclusion, our findings suggest that SCH enhanced NPCs proliferation and differentiation possible by Cdc42 to regulated cytoskeletal rearrangement and polarization of cells, which provides new hope for the late recovery of stroke.     

Construction of High Expression Plasmid of Human Augmenter of Liver Regeneration （ hALR）, Expression and Purification of hALR

Introduction Theliverisoneoftheorgansthathaspotentialre generativecapabilityinmammaliananimals[1].Studies oncaninemodelshaveindicatedthatthelivercanre generate,inonlytwoweeks,toitsoriginalsize,after70%hepatectomy[2].Therefore,theresearchoncellu larandmole…     

Laser Micropatterning of Polylactide Microspheres into Neuronal-Glial Coculture for the Study of Axonal Regeneration

250,000 Americans suffer from spinal cord injury caused by vehicular, work, and sports related accidents^[1]. After injury to the spinal cord, axons do not have the capability of regenerating across the lesioned site. To understand the mechanisms of axon regeneration and to identify a better method of regeneration, a new technique for mimicking and studying the in vivo cellular environment is needed. To meet this goal, we have developed a laser cell micropatterning system that uses a weakly focused laser beam to pattern both biological cells and nonbiological particles for the study of various cell-cell-polymer interactions. Using this system, we have successfully copatterned neurons, glial cells, and polymer microspheres into a viable matrix. These copatterns allow us to study the effects nerve growth factor has, when released from a degradable polymer microsphere, on a single neuron within a specific arrangement of multiple cell types.