Imaging characteristics of toroidal and ellipsoidal mirrors for synchrotron radiation source Indus-1

We discuss and compare the imaging characteristics of toroidal and ellipsoidal mirrors for different horizontal acceptances of synchrotron radiation source Indus-1; using a ray tracing method. It has been shown that the toroidal and ellipsoidal mirrors have similar focussing behaviour at small horizontal acceptances. For large horizontal acceptances, toroidal mirror shows an asymmetry in the focussed image. Though the data used here are for Indus-1, the results are generally valid for any bending magnet synchrotron radiation source incident at grazing angles on these mirrors.     

Two-dimensional adaptive Eulerian-Lagrangian method for mass transport with spatial velocity distribution

A Eulerian-Lagrangian scheme is used to solve the two-dimensional advection-dispersion equation. Concentration and its partial differential operator are decomposed into advection and dispersion terms. Thus, advection is formally decoupled from dispersion and solved by continuous forward particle tracking. Dispersion is handled by implicit finite elements on a fixed Eulerian grid. Translation of steep gradients of concentration in advection-dominated flow regimes, is done without numerical distortion. Continuous spatial distribution of velocities are evaluated by using Galerkin's approach in conjunction with Darcy's law based on hydraulic input data from each element. The method was implemented on coarse FE grid with linear shape functions, demonstrating no over/under shooting and practically no numerical dispersion. Simulations, covering a wide range of Peclet numbers, yield high agreement with analytic and practical results.     

固体声速温变特性实验室探究

基于良导体导热系数的测温原理和声速测量实验原理,利用高灵敏度温差热电偶测温,采用时差法测量固体中声速,设计并搭建了一套可以测量不同温度下金属材料中纵波声速的实验装置。在注意了各种实验操作细节的基础上,研究了A3钢合金材料中超声纵波声速在30～100℃范围内的变化规律,并对本实验的误差来源进行了探究,提出一些减小误差的措施方法。结果表明,使用此套装置研究固体超声纵波声速温变特性,操作过程简单易行,立足于实验室的需求,适合于在实验室推广使用。     

Formation mechanism of ethanol-water excimer

The fluorescent spectrum and the excitation spectrum were used to present the cluster molecular structure feature in ethanol-water solutions.Through analyzing the fluorescent characteristics of an excimer,it is proposed that the excimers are formed between the ethanol-water cluster molecules in the excited state and in the ground state.The fluorescent lifetime and the fluorescent intensity decay process give information about the photo-physical and photo-chemical processes of the formation and the dissociation of an excimer.The theoretical calculation and physical analysis coincide with the experimental results.The preliminary conclusion about the structure feature of ethanol-water cluster molecule is that it has a planar one like a sandwich.     

Kinetic modeling of a high power fast-axial-flow CO2 laser with computational fluid dynamics method

A new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for the simulation of fast-axial-flow CO2 laser is developed.The model which is solved by CFD software uses a set of dynamic differential equations to describe the dynamic process in one discharge tube.The velocity,temperature,pressure and turbulence energy distributions in discharge passage are presented.There is a good agreement between the theoretical prediction and the experimental results.This result indicates that the parameters of the laser have significant effect on the flow distribution in the discharge passage.It is helpful to optimize the output of high power CO2 laser by mastering its kinetic characteristics.     

On the tribological characteristics of dynamically loaded journal bearing with micropolar fluids

The addition of the additives to the lubricant oil to enhance the characteristics of the lubricant will influence the performance of the bearings. Based on the theory of micropolar fluids, the tribological characteristics of a dynamically-loaded journal bearing are numerically studied. Comparisons are made between the Newtonian fluids and the micropolar fluids. It is shown that for a dynamically-loaded journal bearing, the micropolar fluids yield an increase not only in the friction force, but also in the friction coefficient. In addition, the oil film pressure and the oil film thickness are obviously higher than that of Newtonian fluids.     

Numerical investigation of a fast-axial-flow CW CO2 laser

This paper presents the results of the calculation of the parameters of the active medium of a fast-axial-flow CO₂ laser using numerical methods in the framework of a one-dimensional approximation of the set of continuity equations, Bernoulli equation, equation of gas state, energy equation and multi-temperature rate equations with regard to diffusion for the gas flow in the cylindrical discharge tube. The spatial distribution of the small-signal gain and gas temperature along the gas flow direction have been calculated for a given set of initial conditions, namely, gas flow velocity, gas pressure and the tube diameter. In addition, the dependence of small-signal gain, the asymmetric stretch vibrational temperature of CO₂ (T₃) and the gas temperature on the discharge current were studied.     

Behavioral Characteristics of Children With Vocal Fold Nodules

Vocal fold nodules (VNs) in children are benign, bilateral lesions occurring on the mid-membranous vocal folds. Repetitive phonotraumatic behavior leading to chronic vocal fold injury and repair is frequently cited as the primary etiology; however, specific behavioral characteristics may predispose some children toward intense and potentially phonotraumatic voice use, thereby contributing secondarily to VN formation. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine whether children with VNs possess unique behavioral characteristics that may predispose them to VN development. Parents of 26 children with VNs (20 boys, 6 girls, mean age=7.2 years, SD=2.5 years), and 29 vocally normal, medical controls (22 boys, 7 girls, mean age=6.7 years, SD=2.4), completed the Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL/4-18, Achenbach, 1991), a standardized parent-rating scale with strong psychometric properties. No significant between-group differences were detected on any of the behavior problem syndrome scales. Group differences approached significance for the individual items "screams a lot" and "teases a lot" (VN group > Controls). The VN group scored significantly higher than the controls on the "Social Scale," a compilation of positive ratings of the child's social activity, frequency of contacts with friends, behavior with others, and behavior by themselves. Observed outcomes were consistent with previous characterizations of children with VN as "outgoing" or "extroverted" but were not consistent with other claims that this population may be at risk for "aggressive," "attentional," or "impulsive" behavior problems.     

Temporal Characteristics of Luminescencefrom Ultrashort-pulsed Infrared LaserStimulated Electron Trapping Materials

l.IntroductionElectrontrappingmaterials(ETMIs)areakindofinfraredstimulatedstoragephos-phors[lj.Thesephosphorscanstoreenergyafterexposuretovisibleorultravio1etlight.Beingsubeequentlystimu1atedbyinfraredIight,thestoredenergycanbereIeasedintheformofvisiblelight.Recently,thesematerialshaveshowninestimablepromiseforuseinopticalcomputingandopticalinformationprocessingbecauseoftheirgreatsensitivity,highspatialresolution,largelineardynamicrangeandhighsignal-to-nosie-ratio(SNR)[z~ej.Inreal-timeinfo…     

Interferometric monitoring of single-mode operation of a tunable injection laser

We propose a technique for rapid monitoring of single-mode operation of a tunable injection laser, based on analysis of the fine structure of the power-current characteristic obtained with self-heterodyning, using a Michelson interferometer. The technique makes it possible to determine the range for single-mode lasing and mode tuning as well as the presence of spurious optical feedback, and to estimate the coherence length. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 119–123, January–February, 2006.