基于权重比的民航飞行员安全行为指标权重算法

确定飞行员安全行为指标的权重,对发现民航飞行员飞行安全风险的短板,提高民航飞行安全性具有重要意义.基于指标权重比,提出了一种飞行员安全行为指标权重算法.并以此算法分析了职业安全意识、飞行情景意识、特情应变能力以及机组资源管理能力等指标对飞行员安全行为的影响程度,研究可为飞行员安全行为风险管理提供依据,对安全飞行具有积极的指导意义.     

基于多弛豫信号补偿的快速磁共振T1ρ散布成像

定量磁共振成像（MRI）可量化组织特性,是科学研究和临床研究的重要工具.旋转坐标系下的自旋-晶格弛豫时间（T_1ρ）能反映水与大分子之间的低频交互作用,在3 T及以上的高场环境下,T_1ρ受水和不稳定质子之间化学交换的影响较大,通过测量弛豫率随自旋锁定场强度的变化而得到其分布情况（T_1ρ散布）,可用于分析和量化质子的交换过程,因此T_1ρ散布是一种重要的定量MRI技术.然而,获得不同自旋锁定场强下T_1ρ加权图像的时间过长,限制了其应用范围.针对这一问题,本研究提出一种基于多弛豫信号补偿策略的快速T_1ρ散布成像方法.该方法将不同锁定频率下的T_1ρ加权图像补偿到同一信号强度水平,并结合低秩与稀疏建立重建模型.实验结果表明,该方法在加速倍数高达7倍时仍获得了较好的重建结果.     

离焦对激光通信接收视场的影响分析

为了降低自由空间激光通信中对准难度,本文提出了采用离焦的方法以增大接收视场角。以满足通信所需最低能量(-35 d Bm)为基准,理论推导了探测器接收能量、接收视场角(FOV)、离焦接收能量及离焦量之间的相互关系,并通过Matlab仿真,分析对比了离焦接收能量和离焦量对接收视场角的影响。结果显示,当离焦量为0.5 mm时,离焦接收能量从-20.9 d Bm提高到-4.1 d Bm,接收视场角能增大0.27 mrad;当离焦接收能量为-4.1 d Bm时,离焦量从0.2 mm扩大到1.0 mm,视场角能增大1.75 mrad。通过对比表明,提高离焦接收能量以及扩大离焦量都可以增加接收视场角,且扩大离焦量的效果相对比较明显,这对后续离焦系统的设计提供了理论指导依据。     

Nano-crater formation on a Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) surface by slow highly charged ion-impact

Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF/SIMS), we observed radiation effects on a Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) surface in the collision of a single highly charged ion (HCI) with a charge state q up to q = 50. The STM observation with atomic resolution revealed that a nanometer sized crater-like structure was created by a single HCI impact, where the size increased rapidly with q. The secondary ion yields also increased with q in which multiply charged Si ions (Siⁿ⁺) were clearly observed in higher q HCI-collisions. The sputtering mechanism is briefly discussed, based on the so-called Coulomb explosion model.     

Identification of proteinaceous binders used in artworks by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Proper identification of proteinaceous binders in artworks is essential for specification of the painting technique and thus also for selection of the restoration method; moreover, it might be helpful for the authentication of the artwork. This paper is concerned with the optimisation of analysis of the proteinaceous binders contained in the colour layers of artworks. Within this study, we worked out a method for the preparation and analysis of solid samples from artworks using tryptic cleavage and subsequent analysis of the acquired peptide mixture by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry. To make this approach rational and efficient, we created a database of commonly used binders (egg yolk, egg white, casein, milk, curd, whey, gelatine, and various types of animal glues); certain peaks in the mass spectra of these binders, formed by rich protein mixtures, were matched to amino acid sequences of the individual proteins that were found in the Internet database ExPASy; their cleavage was simulated by the program Mass-2.0-alpha4. The method developed was tested on model samples of ground layers prepared by an independent laboratory and then successfully applied to a real sample originating from a painting by Edvard Munch.     

A sign-function receiving scheme for sine signals enhanced by stochastic resonance

To address the problem that it is difficult to detect an intermediate frequency (IF) signal at the receiving end of a communication system under extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, we propose a stochastic resonance (SR)-enhanced sine-signal detection method based on the sign function. By analyzing the SR mechanism of the sine signal and combining it with the characteristics of a dual-sequence frequency-hopping (DSFH) receiver, a periodic stationary solution of the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) with a time parameter is obtained. The extreme point of the sine signal is selected as the decision time, and the force law of the electromagnetic particles is analyzed. A receiving structure based on the sign function is proposed to maximize the output difference of the system, and the value condition of the sign function is determined. In order to further improve the detection performance, in combination with the central-limit theorem, the sampling points are averaged N times, and the signal-detection problem is transformed into a hypothesis-testing problem under a Gaussian distribution. The theoretical analysis and simulation experiment results confirm that when N is 100 and the SNR is greater than 20 dB, the bit-error ratio (BER) is less than 1.5×10^-2 under conditions in which the signal conforms to the optimal SR parameters.     

用于原子能级结构研究的激光共振电离光谱系统

激光共振电离光谱技术是一种利用一路或多路激光将待测原子选择性共振激发与电离,通过测量离子信号来研究原子能级结构的光谱技术。研建了一套激光共振电离光谱装置,用于原子高激发态能级结构参数的测量。分别从该装置的总体结构、关键技术和应用实例等方面进行了详细介绍。该套装置主要包括高调谐精度的染料激光器系统、高效的激光离子源系统和高分辨率的飞行时间质量分析器。染料激光器系统包括3台多纵模可调谐染料激光器和1台单纵模可调谐染料激光器,均为脉冲工作方式,重复频率为10 kHz,泵浦源均为532 nm的Nd∶YAG固体激光器。激光离子源系统包括原子化源、激光与原子相互作用区和离子光学透镜组三部分组成,样品在原子化源中被电加热实现原子化,喷射出的原子被激光选择性激发、电离,产生的离子被离子传输透镜整形成能量分散小、束窄的离子束。飞行时间质量分析器采用了反射式结构设计、脉冲垂直推斥技术和偏转板调节技术。利用此装置,实验测定了U原子的自电离态光谱,获得了U原子一条较佳的三色三光子共振电离路径,对应激光的波长分别为591.7,565.0和632.4 nm。此系统还可用于测量同位素位移和原子超精细结构等参数。另外,由于此系统中联用了质量分析器,因此可用于样品多元素分析、痕量元素分析、同位素丰度分析。     

Self-consistent field calculations using two-body density functionals for correlation energy component: I. Atomic systems

Self-consistent field calculations are done using two-body density functionals for the correlation energy. The corresponding functional derivatives are obtained and used in pseudo-eigenvalue equations analogous to the Kohn–Sham ones. The examples studied include atomic systems from He to Ar. The values obtained for ionization potentials, electron affinities, dipole polarizabilities, and virial ratios from these calculations are given, and the effect of exchange is addressed. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental values, and are of the same quality as those given by accurate exchange-correlation functionals. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 1887–1898, 1998     

基于浸入边界法的扑翼飞行数值模拟

本文提出了基于浸入边界法的扑翼鸟建模与仿真,首先检验了数值方法的精确性,而后对NACA 0012翼型的升沉运动与俯仰运动进行了研究,最后对三维扑翼的翅膀拍动时间非对称性进行了研究。结果表明：浸入边界法对拍动翼型的模拟能够很好地和文献结果吻合。升沉运动的推进能力由翼型前缘涡的大小和位置决定,升沉运动推进效率的峰值主要集中在0.3≤St≤0.4时。升沉运动耦合俯仰运动时,在俯仰角25°及相位差85°时,推进效率达到峰值。在三维模拟中,适当增加翅膀下拍速度,能提供更大的升力,同时耗能也更高。研究结果可以为微型扑翼飞行器的扑动参数设置提供参考。

     

三氯化钛存在下碘酸钾滴定法测定锡

提出了采用铝加铁混合还原剂还原,三氯化钛存在下碘酸钾滴定法测定锡的绝对测量方法,研究了三氯化钛抑制氧的作用效果及作用机理。应用于巴氏合金中锡含量的测定,方法简便、快速,结果准确可靠。