三维位移场(U,V,W)实时观测的云纹干涉法

本文将一特殊布置的云纹干涉系统和一垂直入射试件栅的麦克尔逊干涉系统组和起来,利用云纹干涉系统测量两个面内位移分量U、V,垂直入射的麦克尔逊干涉系统测量离面位移分量 W。调节云纹干涉系统中入射光的入射角,使正、负一级衍涉波的传播方向偏离开试件栅法向一微小角度,从而使一级衍涉波的频谱点与麦克尔逊干涉系统中的零级衍涉波的频谱点在频谱面上分开。利用小反射镜的反射来改变一级衍射波的传播方向,从而使我们在三个彼此分开的成像面上同步实时观测到三维位移场的条纹图。文中给出了严格的理论推导和实验验证。     

应用微波技术实现纳米精度微光学对准和实时粘合

本文讨论纳米精确度光学对准技术，以用于采用热固化树脂的微光学包装。为了达到一个快速固化过程，直接将微波能量作用于需要进行光学粘合的地方。然而常规微波加热技术，依赖于树脂和元件之间的高质量比。为了改进微光学包装中微量粘合剂的热吸收率，我们先将接合面抛光，再镀上金属薄层。这样一来，微波能量将被镀层快速吸收。为防止接合面过热，采用一个红外（IR）温度传感器，以监测粘合剂的温度。根据温度的高低，一个自动化的系统则可以调整微波的功率输出，以便达到相对恒定的固化温度。在快速固化过程中，预先调准好的微光系统，如光纤耦合器，将由于加热的不均匀性而不可避免地遭受干扰。为补偿这个副效应，开发了一个实时光学对准监控和反馈系统。以包装光纤耦合器为例，该系统可实时监测当粘舍剂由微波固化时器件的插入损失（IL）。我们采用的一种三维压电变换装置（PZT）可达到x-、y-和z-方向的的对准。该PZT的10nm调节精度可监测出0．004dB的IL敏感性。与常规的固化烤箱比较，该系统的微光学包装效率可提高150倍。由于采用实时监控和反馈系统，批量生产中产品的合格率也将大大改善。     

简便的无栅极实时直接分析质谱进样装置

设计并构建了一种简单方便的无栅极实时直接分析( DART)质谱进样装置,它由惰性载气、离子发生器、加热管以及温控部分等组成,该装置不含栅极,减少了结构单元,可与多种质谱仪联用。具有结构简单、易于构建、灵活、成本低的特点。使用构建的装置,考察了载气类型、载气流速以及加热带温度等实验条件的影响。选取氩气作载气,流速7.5 L/min,加热带温度为300℃,通过对苯乙醇和亚油酸溶液、敌敌畏乳剂、蚊香块和柑橘皮、以及薄层板上的盐酸普萘洛尔6种样品的分析结果,显示了该装置的实用性。     

Review of validation and reporting of non-targeted fingerprinting approaches for food authentication

Food fingerprinting approaches are expected to become a very potent tool in authentication processes aiming at a comprehensive characterization of complex food matrices. By non-targeted spectrometric or spectroscopic chemical analysis with a subsequent (multivariate) statistical evaluation of acquired data, food matrices can be investigated in terms of their geographical origin, species variety or possible adulterations. Although many successful research projects have already demonstrated the feasibility of non-targeted fingerprinting approaches, their uptake and implementation into routine analysis and food surveillance is still limited. In many proof-of-principle studies, the prediction ability of only one data set was explored, measured within a limited period of time using one instrument within one laboratory. Thorough validation strategies that guarantee reliability of the respective data basis and that allow conclusion on the applicability of the respective approaches for its fit-for-purpose have not yet been proposed. Within this review, critical steps of the fingerprinting workflow were explored to develop a generic scheme for multivariate model validation. As a result, a proposed scheme for “good practice” shall guide users through validation and reporting of non-targeted fingerprinting results. Furthermore, food fingerprinting studies were selected by a systematic search approach and reviewed with regard to (a) transparency of data processing and (b) validity of study results. Subsequently, the studies were inspected for measures of statistical model validation, analytical method validation and quality assurance measures. In this context, issues and recommendations were found that might be considered as an actual starting point for developing validation standards of non-targeted metabolomics approaches for food authentication in the future. Hence, this review intends to contribute to the harmonization and standardization of food fingerprinting, both required as a prior condition for the authentication of food in routine analysis and official control.     

A parallel finite volume scheme preserving positivity for diffusion equation on distorted meshes

Parallel domain decomposition methods are natural and efficient for solving the implicity schemes of diffusion equations on massive parallel computer systems. A finite volume scheme preserving positivity is essential for getting accurate numerical solutions of diffusion equations and ensuring the numerical solutions with physical meaning. We call their combination as a parallel finite volume scheme preserving positivity, and construct such a scheme for diffusion equation on distorted meshes. The basic procedure of constructing the parallel finite volume scheme is based on the domain decomposition method with the prediction‐correction technique at the interface of subdomains: First, we predict the values on each inner interface of subdomains partitioned by the domain decomposition. Second, we compute the values in each subdomain using a finite volume scheme preserving positivity. Third, we correct the values on each inner interface using the finite volume scheme preserving positivity. The resulting scheme has intrinsic parallelism, and needs only local communication among neighboring processors. Numerical results are presented to show the performance of our schemes, such as accuracy, stability, positivity, and parallel speedup.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 2159–2178, 2017     

宏观因素对房地产行业信用风险的影响研究——基于BALQR模型的实证

以2008年1月至2014年9月相关数据为基础,利用贝叶斯adaptive Lasso分位数回归(BALQR)模型对影响房地产业信用风险的宏观经济因素进行了分析.结果表明,在任何分位点上,对我国房地产行业信用风险影响最大的均是GDP增长率,其次是CPI增长率和消费者信心指数增长率,其中前者为负向作用后两者为正向作用,而资本市场的景气状态则对房地产行业信用风险基本没有显著作用.不过,在不同分位点上,不同宏观因素在房地产行业的不同信用风险水平上的影响程度又存在差异性.     

Locally finite root supersystems

We introduce the notion of locally finite root supersystems as a generalization of both locally finite root systems and generalized root systems. We classify irreducible locally finite root supersystems.     

An asymptotic expansion for the semi‐infinite sum of Dirac‐δ functions

In this paper, we derive an asymptotic expansion for the semi‐infinite sum of Dirac‐δ functions centered at discrete equidistant points defined by the set . The method relies on the Laplace transform of the semi‐infinite sum of Dirac‐δ functions. The derived series distribution takes the form of the Euler‐Maclaurin summation when the distributions are defined for complex or real‐valued continuous functions over the interval . For n=1, the series expansion contributes with a term equal to δ(x)/2, which survives in the limit when a→0⁺. This term represents a correction term, which is in general omitted in calculations of the density of states of quantum confined systems by finite‐size effects.     

OctTES/TEOS system for hybrid coatings: real‐time monitoring of the hydrolysis and condensation by Raman spectroscopy

The hybrid organic–inorganic system Tetra‐ethyl‐ortho‐silicate functionalized with Octyl‐triethoxy‐silane, studied as protective coating for the preservation of historical glasses from the environmental weathering agents, has been characterized by Raman spectroscopy by monitoring the sol‐gel reactions over time through characteristic features in the spectrum. In particular, for the hydrolysis reaction the disappearance of the 653 cm⁻¹ (Si‐O symmetric breathing) and 810 cm⁻¹ (CH₂ rocking in Si‐alkoxides) peaks and the growth of the 710 cm⁻¹ band, because of hydrolyzed alkyl‐silane, and of the 881 cm⁻¹ peak (ethanol C–C symmetric stretching) have been checked. Moreover, the condensation reaction can be tracked by the disappearance of the two main peaks of the alcohols at 816 and 881 cm⁻¹, going along with the growth of the broad band between 250 and 500 cm⁻¹ (Si–O–Si symmetric bending) and of the feature at 840 cm⁻¹ (Si–O–Si stretching). At the end of the condensation process the Raman spectrum still displays spectral bands unique to the alkyl chain in Octyl‐triethoxy‐silane, in the 1330–1450 cm⁻¹ and 2725–3000 cm⁻¹ ranges. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.