体内和体外生物测定在环境监测中的应用

生物测定在环境毒物学研究中普遍用于检测人为污染物对个别生物体和生态系统的影响.这些测定适用于个别化学品或复杂的混合物(如废水)对有代表性的生物系统或整个生物体所引起的影响,并普遍应用于环境监测项目.生物测定可在生物体外或生物体内进行,前者是在实验室内利用细胞培养技术,后者除可在实验室内进行还可应用在真实的环境中.体外生物测定往往是用来研究环境样品中的污染物对生物机制的具体影响,如受体结合特性.而体内活性生物测定则提供了一个更加具体化的综合生物反应.然而,这两种类型的生物测定法可以测量许多不同的生物指标,如对生物生长及发育的影响、内分泌功能和DNA损伤.无论是在体内和体外生物测定都分别有其特有的优点和缺点,其中一些测定法可以使用于毒性鉴定和评价程序.本文简要介绍了体内和体外生物测定方法的基本特点及其在环境监测中的应用实例,指出化学物质如何影响有机体及生态系统的结构和功能,认为广泛发展更能充分反映生态系统生物多样性的生物测定方法,将有助于更准确地了解环境污染物对环境的潜在影响.     

取代1-氯蒽醌中分子内卤键的电子密度拓扑分析

运用量子化学密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-311＋＋G（d,p）基组水平上对邻位和间位取代1-氯葸醌的分子内卤键进行了研究．用电子定域函数和“分子中的原子,,理论对分子内卤键的性质进行了电子密度拓扑分析．通过对计算得到的密度矩阵进行σ-π兀分离,得到了π-键的键径和分子图,并讨论了。电荷密度和兀电荷密度对卤键的影响．结果表明,键鞍点和环鞍点处的电子密度拓扑性质均可作为衡量分子内卤键强度的量度．键鞍点和环鞍点处的电荷密度P越大,键鞍点与环鞍点的距离越大,卤键强度越大．除σ电荷密度外,π电荷密度对分子内卤键的性质也有明显影响．     

测量不确定度的研究和应用进展

综述了测量不确定度在国内外的研究及应用的进展，发现测量不确定度是现代误差理论的重要内容，是定量描述测量结果质量的重要指标。目前由ISO等七个国际组织提出的GUM(测量不确定度表述导则)已被各国广泛接受，国内外已有大量关于不确定度应用的文献。除GUM外，还存在其它几种不确定度评定模型。我国虽然对GUM存在重大疑义，并向有关国际组织提出了一些建设性的意见，但在方法的执行上目前仍然与国际社会保持了对GUM的一致态度。     

In situ scanning FTIR microscopy and IR imaging of Pt electrode surface towards CO adsorption

In situ scanning FTIR microscopy was built up for the first time in the present work, which consists of an FTIR apparatus, an IR microscope, an X-Y mapping stage, and the specially designed electrochemical IR cell and computer software. It has been demonstrated that this new space-resolvd in situ IR technique can be used to study vibration properties of micro-area, and to perform IR imaging of electrode surface. The chemical image obtained using this technique fur CO adsorption on Pt electrode illustrated, at a space-resolution of 10~(-2) cm, the inhomogeneity and the distribution of reactivity of micro-area of electrode surface.     

A Mini Review on the Functional Biomaterials Based on Poly(lactic acid) Stereocomplex

Poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex (sc-PLA) prevails over homo-poly(lactic acid)s in many aspects and showed great potential as biomaterials depending on its extraordinary biological, thermal, and mechanical properties. In the past few years, sc-PLA has gained tremendous attention as a new approach to the development of new types of functional biomaterials. This paper summarizes recent progress in the application of the concept of sc-PLA in the design and fabrication of stabilized nanoparticles and in situ gelling hydrogels for biomedical applications.     

高师生实验探究洋葱中挥发性化学物质

利用实验室一般仪器,对洋葱中挥发性化学成分如含硫化合物、醇类、醛类、羧酸进行了定性检测,旨在让高师生体验探究学习,掌握探究方法,发展实验设计和探究能力。     

面向对象的无单元法

介绍了一种用C 进行的面向对象无单元方法程序设计;定义了一些关键的类并将有些类设计成类等级,从而建立了包含权函数、基函数和形函数在内的面向对象无单元法程序类库,在此过程中考虑了无单元法与有限元法的某些联系,保留并重用了面向对象有限元法程序中的一些类。本文提供了一种无单元法大型分析软件开发新途径。     

Non-anticipative representations of Banach space valued gaussian processes with respect to brownian motion

Necessary and sufficient conditions are found for the equivalence of the measures associated with (i) a Banach space valued Gaussian process, with mean 0, and (ii) a Bach space valued Brownian motion. The notion of a non-anticipative representation of (i) with respect to (ii) is defined and in the case of equivalence of the measures it is shown that such a representation exists and has an explicit stochastic integral form which is invertible. Theorems of Ershov on absolute continuity of measures associated with diffusion processes are extended to Banach space. Applications to infinite-dimensional filtering are considered.     

Scenario Reduction Algorithms in Stochastic Programming

We consider convex stochastic programs with an (approximate) initial probability distribution P having finite support supp P, i.e., finitely many scenarios. The behaviour of such stochastic programs is stable with respect to perturbations of P measured in terms of a Fortet-Mourier probability metric. The problem of optimal scenario reduction consists in determining a probability measure that is supported by a subset of supp P of prescribed cardinality and is closest to P in terms of such a probability metric. Two new versions of forward and backward type algorithms are presented for computing such optimally reduced probability measures approximately. Compared to earlier versions, the computational performance (accuracy, running time) of the new algorithms has been improved considerably. Numerical experience is reported for different instances of scenario trees with computable optimal lower bounds. The test examples also include a ternary scenario tree representing the weekly electrical load process in a power management model.     

A generalized preimage theorem in global analysis

The concept of locally fine point and generalized regular value of a C¹ map between Banach spaces were carried over C¹ map between Banach manifolds. Hence the preimage theorem, a principle constructing Banach manifolds in global analysis, is generalized.