适应创新教育的“3＋1”大学物理实验教学模式的探索与实践

分析了我校大学物理实验教学现状和民族院校学生特点,提出了针对不同层次、不同专业学生的＂3＋1＂大学物理实验教学模式,在实验教学中注重创新教育,培养学生科学实践能力和科技创新精神。     

Students' use of STEM content in design justifications during engineering design‐based STEM integration

Engineering design‐based STEM integration is one potential model to help students integrate content and practices from all of the STEM disciplines. In this study, we explored the intersection of two aspects of pre‐college STEM education: the integration of the STEM disciplines, and the NGSS practice of engaging in argument from evidence within engineering. Specifically, our research question was: While generating and justifying solutions to engineering design problems in engineering design‐based STEM integration units, what STEM content do elementary and middle school students discuss? We used naturalistic inquiry to analyze student team audio recordings from seven curricular units in order to identify the variety of STEM content present as students justified their design ideas and decisions (i.e., used evidence‐based reasoning). Within the four disciplines, fifteen STEM content categories emerged. Particularly interesting were the science and mathematics categories. All seven student teams used unit‐based science, and five used unit‐based mathematics, to support their design ideas. Five teams also applied science and/or mathematics content that was outside the scope of the units' learning objectives. Our results demonstrate that students integrated content from all four STEM disciplines when justifying engineering design ideas and solutions, thus supporting engineering design‐based STEM integration as a curricular model.     

Are beginning calculus and engineering students adequately prepared for higher education? An assessment of students’ basic mathematical knowledge

Are students transitioning from the secondary level to university studies in mathematics and engineering adequately prepared for education at the tertiary level? In this study, we discuss the prior mathematical knowledge and skills demonstrated by Norwegian engineering (N?=?1537) and calculus (N?=?626) university students by using data from a mathematics assessment administered by the Norwegian Mathematical Council. The assessment examines students’ conceptual understanding, computation skills and problem solving skills on the basis of the mathematics curriculum of lower secondary education. We found that calculus students significantly outperformed engineering students, but both student groups struggled to solve the test, with the calculus and engineering groups scoring an average of 60% and 46%, respectively. Beginning students who fail to master basic skills, such as solving arithmetic and algebra problems, will most likely face difficulties in their further courses. Although few female students enrol in calculus and engineering programmes compared with male ones and are thus underrepresented, male and female students at the same ability level achieved comparable test scores. Furthermore, students reported high levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and a positive relationship was observed between intrinsic motivation and achievement.     

Students’ reasoning about relationships between variables in a real-world problem

This paper reports on part of an investigation of fifteen second-semester calculus students’ understanding of the concept of parametric function. Employing APOS theory as our guiding theoretical perspective, we offer a genetic decomposition for the concept of parametric function, and we explore students’ reasoning about an invariant relationship between two quantities varying simultaneously with respect to a third quantity when described in a real-world problem, as such reasoning is important for the study of parametric functions. In particular, we investigate students’ reasoning about an adaptation of the popular bottle problem in which they were asked to graph relationships between (a) time and volume of the water, (b) time and height of the water, and (c) volume and height of the water. Our results illustrate that several issues make reasoning about relationships between variables a complex task. Furthermore, our findings indicate that conceiving an invariant relationship, as it relates to the concept of parametric function, is nontrivial, and various complimentary ways of reasoning are favorable for developing such a conception. We conclude by making connections between our results and our genetic decomposition.     

理科师范生教师信念的诊断研究——以某高校化学师范生为例

利用“理科师范生教师信念问卷”,对广州市某高校92名化学师范生在教育实习后所持有的教师信念进行测查,发现化学师范生在科学教学信念和科学学习信念方面主要表现为建构型,在科学本质信念方面主要表现为传统型;化学师范生的科学教学、科学学习和科学本质信念取向的组合方式有16种,其中以科学教学信念表现为建构型、科学学习信念表现为建构型以及科学本质信念表现为传统型的组合方式为主;化学师范生的科学教学、科学学习和科学本质信念之间的关系主要表现为有联系,极少表现为有分歧。     

大学生物理化学实验报告写作能力的评价工具设计研究*

科学写作能力的培养已被国内外科学教育研究者广泛关注。实验报告作为科学写作的典型形式之一,其撰写质量在教学环节中却时常被忽视。本研究提出实验报告写作能力应包含完整性、规范性、科学性等3个维度。基于物理化学课程实验任务,设计了一个信效度良好的物理化学实验报告写作能力评价工具。     

A third grader's way of thinking about linear function tables

This paper is inscribed within the research effort to produce evidence regarding primary school students’ learning of algebra. Given the results obtained so far in the research community, we are convinced that young elementary school students can successfully learn algebra. Moreover, children this young can make use of different representational systems, including function tables, algebraic notation, and graphs in the Cartesian coordinate grid. In our research, we introduce algebra from a functional perspective. A functional perspective moves away from the mere symbolic manipulation of equations and focuses on relationships between variables. In investigating the processes of teaching and learning algebra at this age, we are interested in identifying meaningful teaching situations. Within each type of teaching situation, we focus on what kind of knowledge students produce, what are the main obstacles they find in their learning, as well as the intermediate states of knowledge between what they know and the target knowledge for the teaching situation. In this paper, we present a case study focusing on the approach adopted by a third grade student, Marisa, when she was producing the formula for a linear function while she was working with the information of a problem displayed in a function table containing pairs of inputs-outputs. We will frame the analysis and discussion on Marisa's approach in terms of the concept of theorem-in action (Vergnaud, 1982) and we will contrast it with the scalar and functional approaches introduced by Vergnaud (1988) in his Theory of Multiplicative Fields. The approach adopted by Marisa turns out to have both scalar and functional aspects to it, providing us with new ways of thinking of children's potential responses to functions.     

江西省与部分省份汉族大学生体质动态对比

运用数理统计方法，对江西省汉族大学生的体质状况进行了调查分析。在身体形态发育水平总体指数上形成良好的增长趋势，在身体素质水平指数方面呈下降趋势，其中，耐力素质和速度素质尤为突出。表明了当前体育教育还存在着待解决的问题。提出特别要重视农村中、小学校的体育基础教育工作，深化改革现有的体育教育模式。培养学生终身体育的意识。     

“苦学”＋“口诀”——针对《经济数学》中“差生”的策略

《经济数学》是经济类专业本科生的一门重要的必修课.本文对《经济数学》重修班的出勤情况及期末考试成绩进行分析,将重修班的学生分为＂假性差生＂与＂纯粹差生＂两类,总结了这两类学生考试不及格的原因,并针对这些原因提出了＂‘苦学’＋‘口诀’＂的策略.     

Matlab在面向“拔尖学生”的大学物理教学中的应用

介绍了在面向"拔尖学生"的大学物理教学中,融入了Matlab编程解决复杂物理问题的教学实践.以力学为例,介绍了教学实践中如何引导学生从基本的物理原理出发,借助微积分和Matlab强大的计算和画图功能解决复杂的力学问题,这项极具挑战性的学习任务不仅使学生更深入地理解了所学物理知识,更让学生体会到微积分的应用,以及计算物理的魅力,使其以后的学习和研究中能处理更加复杂的科学问题,增强了学生解决实际问题的能力和科研能力,助力拔尖学生的培养.