区域规划视角下的贫困县政策碎化分析

基于“碎化”概念,分析我国贫困县政策的政策碎化问题,包括扶贫责任主体的条块化、具体政策的孤立化、政策评价体系缺失等三方面内容.认为贫困县的政策碎化问题,反映了整体空间社会经济发展中的若干体系性问题.提出宜以健康城市化为导向,在地方空间层面上,构建综合的扶贫政策体系,确立空间行动指向,并建立以事务为抓手的综合政策整合机制.     

矩阵型灰色关联度的特征检验方法及其应用

针对现有灰色关联理论的不足, 本文提出灰色关联的特征检验思路, 构建了矩阵型灰色关联度的特征检验方法。首先优化矩阵型灰色关联模型, 利用行为矩阵差值定义特征差异矩阵, 采用矩阵2范数构建关联度公式。而后分析特征差异矩阵的稳定性与趋势性, 利用变异系数形式构建稳定性系数, 利用最小二乘法估计趋势性系数, 两者共同组成矩阵型灰色关联度的特征检验方法。最后, 本文模型被应用于湖北省恩施州的长期多维贫困分析, 在与现有模型的比较中, 发现关联度评估结果有效区分了恩施州8个市县的贫困情况, 特征检验方法从贫困不确定性和趋势性两方面对结果进行补充, 验证了模型的可行性与实用性。     

Victory Tax: A Holistic Income Tax System

How can an income tax system be designed to exploit human nature and a free market to create a poverty free society, while balancing budgets without disproportional tax burdens? Such a tax system, with universal character, is deduced from the following guiding principles: (1) a single tax rate applies to all income types and levels; (2) the tax rate adjusts to satisfy budget projections; (3) government transfer only supplements the income of households with self-generated income below the poverty line; (4) deductions for basic living expenses, itemized investments and capital losses are allowed; (5) deductions cannot be applied to government transfer. A general framework emerges with three parameters that determine a minimum allowed tax deduction, a maximum allowed itemized deduction, and a maximum deduction defined by income percentage. An income distribution that mimics the United States, and a series of log-normal distributions are considered to quantitatively compare detailed characteristics of this tax system to progressive and flat tax systems. To minimize government dependency while maximizing after-tax income, the effective tax rate (ETR) as a function of income percentile takes the shape of the letter, V, inspiring the name victory tax, where the middle class has the lowest ETR.     

国际旅游扶贫研究进展与知识演化

近年来,旅游扶贫作为一种重要的新兴产业扶贫方式,受到国际学术界的广泛关注。基于文献计量学方法,对国际旅游扶贫研究相关的274篇权威文献进行了系统梳理,利用CiteSpace绘制可视化图谱。研究发现：（1）2002—2018年,国际旅游扶贫研究发文数量总体呈上升趋势,研究力量主要集中在美国、南非、澳大利亚等国家,研究内容以社会学和休闲学相关领域为主,并呈多学科交叉态势。（2）共被引文献中出现了14篇重要转折点文献和8篇突现文献,这些文献对该领域的研究发展具有关键作用。（3）对共被引文献聚类分析发现,旅游减贫机理、扶贫效果评估及典型案例地研究是该领域的重要知识基础。（4）研究热点除“减贫”外,以“影响”“管理”等为主,呈现出从关注环境和经济到关注社会维度、从关注贫困地区到关注贫困人口、从问题呈现到方案探讨的演化趋势。     

Dissecting income segregation: Impacts of concentrated affluence on segregation of poverty

This article investigates how income inequality shapes residential segregation by income. Using agent-based modeling, it develops a residential preferences model that is capable of generating results mimicking empirical income segregation patterns. Simulation analysis shows how varying income inequality produces differential residential mobility outcomes that alter income segregation profiles. The model is used to capture the distinct impacts of households’ moves into richer or poorer neighborhoods, and how these impacts are further differentiated with respect to the moving household’s income. The article demonstrates how aggregating such diverse outcomes of micro-level interactions at a meso-level can help us to better understand the changes in macro-level income segregation patterns. Analyzing residential mobility patterns carefully, the article suggests that i) segregation of affluence and of poverty can trigger each other via initiating cascades of residential mobility and housing prices, and ii) increasing income inequality can disrupt housing market and lead to shortages in affordable housing, which can yield high residential instability and eviction rates among the poorest stratum.     

精准扶贫视角下湖南省贫困治理绩效评价研究

构建湖南省贫困治理评价指标体系,运用湖南省51个扶贫开发重点县2014-2017年数据,对湖南省贫困治理绩效进行实证分析,实证分析结果显示:湖南省精准扶贫的贫困治理绩效显著,但减贫边际效应递减;精准扶贫具有缩小贫富差距、改善贫困人口生活条件、促进贫困地区公共服务发展的突出效果.在此基础上,对湖南省的精准扶贫目标完成进度进行评估,评估结果为:在原有扶贫政策措施作用下,依照湖南省2014-2017年的减贫速度,湖南省2020年精准扶贫的预期目标可基本完成,贫困发生率和农民人均可支配收入两个目标甚至可以提前完成.但消除绝对贫困的目标任重道远,预计2020年仍有百万农村人口处于贫困状态.     

A new index of poverty

This paper introduces a new index of poverty. The index satisfies all the axioms for ‘a good index of poverty’.     

The decompositions of rank-dependent poverty measures using ordered weighted averaging operators

This paper is concerned with rank-dependent poverty measures and shows that an ordered weighted averaging, hereafter OWA, operator underlies in the definition of these indices. The dual decomposition of an OWA operator into the self-dual core and the anti-self-dual remainder allows us to propose a decomposition for all the rank-dependent poverty measures in terms of incidence, intensity and inequality. In fact, in the poverty field, it is well known that every poverty index should be sensitive to the incidence of poverty, the intensity of poverty and the inequality among the poor individuals. However, the inequality among the poor can be analyzed in terms of either incomes or gaps of the distribution of the poor. And, depending on the side we focus on, contradictory results can be obtained. Nevertheless, the properties inherited by the proposed decompositions from the OWA operators oblige the inequality components to measure equally the inequality of income and inequality of gap overcoming one of the main drawbacks in poverty and inequality measurement. Finally, we provide an empirical illustration showing the appeal of our decompositions for some European Countries in 2005 and 2011.     

乡村振兴战略视角下民族村寨社区旅游增权研究——以四川省石椅羌寨为例

乡村旅游是民族地区实现乡村振兴的重要突破口,而增权是实现乡村旅游可持续发展的重要条件。以四川省北川羌族自治县石椅羌寨为例,运用社区增权理论,从经济、社会、心理、政治4个维度对当地居民的权利感知和旅游增权情况进行了研究。结果发现,经济权能是最核心的维度,居民对通过发展旅游业实现乡村振兴的信心较足,但由于缺乏科学的引导与管理,经济增权后劲不足;居民对社会增权的感知表现为旅游对社区凝聚力的增强作用,但由于受益机制不完善,社会去权不容忽视;居民对心理权能的感知也较明显,表现为较高的文化自豪感和通过教育培训提升自身水平的愿望,但因其综合素质跟不上旅游发展需求,心理增权尚显不足;在政治权能方面,社区实现了基本的民主自治,但多数居民并未意识到自己的“权利”状态,同时信息不对称、制度不完善等导致政治去权现象严重。基于以上发现,从提升乡村旅游竞争力、完善利益分配机制、强化社区教育增能、建立健全规章制度等方面提出了相关增权建议。     

国际旅游扶贫研究进展与知识演化

近年来,旅游扶贫作为一种重要的新兴产业扶贫方式,受到国际学术界的广泛关注。基于文献计量学方法,对国际旅游扶贫研究相关的274篇权威文献进行了系统梳理,利用CiteSpace绘制可视化图谱。研究发现：（1）2002—2018年,国际旅游扶贫研究发文数量总体呈上升趋势,研究力量主要集中在美国、南非、澳大利亚等国家,研究内容以社会学和休闲学相关领域为主,并呈多学科交叉态势。（2）共被引文献中出现了14篇重要转折点文献和8篇突现文献,这些文献对该领域的研究发展具有关键作用。（3）对共被引文献聚类分析发现,旅游减贫机理、扶贫效果评估及典型案例地研究是该领域的重要知识基础。（4）研究热点除“减贫”外,以“影响”“管理”等为主,呈现出从关注环境和经济到关注社会维度、从关注贫困地区到关注贫困人口、从问题呈现到方案探讨的演化趋势。