关于煤矿中“突出”的理论——对慕尼黑工业大学矿业力学研究的介绍(特约稿)

本文总结了慕尼黑工业大学关于煤矿中突出问题的研究。首先,指出了易发生突出的材料的一个主要力学特征,是材料参数在破坏后效区快速下降。接着,将简化弹塑性理论(或称初等理论)应用于研究突出,揭示了突出的某些基本机理。还详细讨论了临近巷道存在坍塌及考虑煤层内部剪应力时对突出的影响。最后给出了把坍塌形成当作突出处理以及把煤层顶底板岩石当作弹性体考虑的结果。将理论结果与现场现象进行了对比,并对预报及防止突出的方法用力学观点给予了解释。     

Preparation of Functional Polyamine Scaffolds via Mitsunobu Post‐Polymerization Modification Reactions

A Mitsunobu reaction of trifluoroacetamide (TFA amide) and alcohols is used in a post‐polymerization modification process. The reaction is conducted on polystyrene (PSt) bearing 20 mol% TFA amide groups with 4‐methyl benzyl alcohol in the presence of a N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylazodicarboxamide and tributylphosphine as mediators. The Mitsunobu reaction on polymer proceeds efficiently, as confirmed by the obvious precipitation generation during the reaction and the conversion of TFA amide moiety reached 88.6% confirmed by ¹⁹F NMR measurement, yielding PSt bearing tertiary TFA amide moieties. The obtained polymers featuring tertiary TFA amide moieties are deprotected in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as a base to afford corresponding polymers featuring functionalized polyamine scaffolds with 92.5% conversion. In addition, the precise structural assignment is proven by synthesis and analysis of the model monomeric compounds and the respective model polymers.

     

铝板为基础的S掺杂TiO_2催化分解有毒有机气体(英文)

S-doped TiO2(S-TiO2) films were immobilized on flexible low-cost aluminum sheets(S-TiO2-AS) using a sol-gel dipping process and low post-processing temperatures. The photocatalytic degradation of toxic organic vapors using the prepared films was evaluated using a continuous-flow glass tube under visible light exposure. The surface properties of the S-TiO2-AS and TiO2-AS films were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The photolysis of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene(BTEX) did not occur on the bare AS. In contrast, the photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of the target pollutants using S-TiO2-AS were higher than those obtained using reference TiO2-AS photocatalyst. In particular, the average photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of BTEX using S-TiO2-0.8-AS(S/Ti ratio = 0.8) over a 3-h process were 34%, 78%, 91%, and 94%, respectively, whereas those of TiO2-AS were 2%, 11%, 21%, and 36%, respectively. The photocatalytic decompo-sition efficiencies of BTEX under visible irradiation using S-TiO2-AS increased with increasing S/Ti ratios from 0.2 to 0.8, but decreased when the ratio further increased to 1.6. Thus, S-TiO2-AS can be prepared using optimal S/Ti ratios. The degradation of BTEX over S-TiO2-AS depended on the air flow rates and initial concentrations of the target chemical. Overall, under optimal conditions, S-TiO2-AS can be effectively applied for the purification of toxic organic vapors.     

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Spinosyn A

Following the biosynthesis of polyketide backbones by polyketide synthases (PKSs), post‐PKS modifications result in a significantly elevated level of structural complexity that renders the chemical synthesis of these natural products challenging. We report herein a total synthesis of the widely used polyketide insecticide spinosyn A by exploiting the prowess of both chemical and enzymatic methods. As more polyketide biosynthetic pathways are characterized, this chemoenzymatic approach is expected to become readily adaptable to streamlining the synthesis of other complex polyketides with more elaborate post‐PKS modifications.     

Weak signals in high‐dimensional regression: Detection,estimation and prediction

Regularization methods, including Lasso, group Lasso, and SCAD, typically focus on selecting variables with strong effects while ignoring weak signals. This may result in biased prediction, especially when weak signals outnumber strong signals. This paper aims to incorporate weak signals in variable selection, estimation, and prediction. We propose a two‐stage procedure, consisting of variable selection and postselection estimation. The variable selection stage involves a covariance‐insured screening for detecting weak signals, whereas the postselection estimation stage involves a shrinkage estimator for jointly estimating strong and weak signals selected from the first stage. We term the proposed method as the covariance‐insured screening‐based postselection shrinkage estimator. We establish asymptotic properties for the proposed method and show, via simulations, that incorporating weak signals can improve estimation and prediction performance. We apply the proposed method to predict the annual gross domestic product rates based on various socioeconomic indicators for 82 countries.     

大间隙速调管输出腔支撑杆的3维设计

利用3维高频软件对大间隙速调管输出腔及其同轴提取波导金属支撑杆进行了高频分析,建立了带双排金属支撑杆的大间隙输出腔3维结构模型,采用3维PIC程序对该输出腔的提取效果进行了粒子模拟。研究结果表明：作为输出腔同轴提取波导支撑的第二排支撑杆,和兼作输出腔腔壁的第一排支撑杆,都会影响输出腔的高频谐振特性,因此必须结合大间隙输出腔进行一体化设计;此时同轴提取波导支撑杆设计的基本原则不以追求最高的TEM模式传输效率为目的,而是通过控制双排支撑杆的散射特性,得到合适的外部品质因数和间隙电场强度。在注入电功率约2.9 GW,束流调制深度90%时,设计的带双排支撑杆的3.6 GHz大间隙输出腔结构,可提取约1.06 GW的平均功率,效率约36.5%。     

Detection of Polyols by HPLC Coupled with an On‐Line Photochemical Oxidation Reactor and Chemiluminescence Detection

In this paper we propose a new post‐column detection method for polyols containing 1,2‐diol, 1,3‐diol, and saccharides. The polyols are oxidized in a photochemical reactor to yield oxalate with subsequent chemiluminescence detection using [Ru(III)(bpy)₃]³⁺. A mixing solution of eluate and oxidizing reagent is delivered to a reaction coil, which is then irradiated with ultraviolet light to promote the oxidation reaction. The detection limits for 1,2‐ethanediol (ethylene glycol) and 1,3‐propanediol were 38 pmol and 23 pmol, respectively.     

Computer reconstructed gas and liquid chromatograms

This paper describes a Lab Basic II program which allows the reconstruction of GLC-chromatograms on a Hewlett-Packard 2648A graphics terminal, starting from raw data gathered by the HP-3354A Laboratory Data System. The introduction of a considerable number of automatic parameter selections restricts user's interventions. The program can be run in terminal mode or be recalled as a post-analysis program when working in autocall mode.