Porous monodisperse poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres by precipitation polymerization

The precipitation polymerization of commercial divinylbenzene in acetonitrile containing up to 40 vol. % toluene or other cosolvents is shown to produce novel porous monodisperse poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres. These microspheres have diameters between 4 and 7 μm, total pore volumes of up to 0.52 cm³/g, and surface areas of up to 800 m²/g. As no surfactant nor stabilizer was used in the preparation of these particles, their surfaces are free of any such residues. The particles were slurry-packed into stainless steel columns for size exclusion chromatography evaluation, and the results show an exclusion limit at molecular weights of 500 g/mol. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1543–1551, 1998     

Comparison about parametric effects on wave propagation characteristics

The frequency effects on the velocities and attenuations of the bulk waves in a saturated porous medium are numerically studied in the cases of considering and neglecting the compressibility of solid grain, respectively. The results show that the whole frequency can be divided into three parts, i.e., low frequency band, medium frequency band, and high frequency band, according to the variation curves and the characteristic frequency. The compressibility of the solid grain affects the P₁ wave distinctively, the S wave tiny, and the P₂ wave little. The effects of the porosity and Poisson's ratio on the bulk waves are numerically analyzed. It is found that both the porosity and Poisson's ratio have obvious effects on the bulk waves. Compared with the results in the case of neglecting the porosity-moduli relation, the results in the case of considering the porosity-moduli relation are more reasonable. The results in the case of considering the porosity-moduli relation can be degenerated into the results of elastic solid and pure fluid, while the results in the case of neglecting the porosity-moduli relation cannot be degenerated into the results of elastic solid and pure fluid. Therefore, the porosity-moduli relation must be considered in the parametric study for a certain porous medium.     

多孔性层状钙钛矿型镧铌酸催化剂的制备

 用正己胺预支撑层状镧铌酸,以3-丙氨基三乙氧基硅烷为硅源,将其水解后形成的硅聚合体粒子插入到镧铌酸的层间,经焙烧后制成氧化硅柱支撑的多孔性镧铌酸催化剂. 它的层间通道高度约0.52 nm,比表面积从柱撑前的5 m2/g增大到109 m2/g. 镧铌酸比表面积的显著增大,主要是由氧化硅柱撑后形成的层间狭缝状微孔孔道所提供的. 充分暴露的层间内表面使镧铌酸的酸催化性能得到大幅度改善,对异丙醇脱水的催化活性从未支撑时的32.0%提高到柱撑后的73.9%. 此催化剂的层状结构可保持到700 ℃以上,是一热稳定的多孔性层柱材料. 在催化剂制备过程中,柱化液浓度和回流反应时间对层柱材料的多孔性具有较大的影响,进而影响其酸催化活性,但这些因素不能显著改变材料的层间通道高度.     

沉降分布孔隙率多孔介质模型及数值研究

研究沉降分布孔隙率多孔介质流动和传热,根据"O"形圈理论和现场测定确定孔隙率系数,建立坐标方向孔隙率分布函数;考虑流体密度变化,并引入Brinkman-Forchheimer的扩展Darcy模型,能量方程采用界面连续条件,建立沉降分布孔隙率多孔介质流动和传热求解模型.采用差分法对模型进行离散化,应用高斯-赛德尔方法迭代求解.数值分析表明:沉降分布孔隙率条件下多孔介质内流体流动速度在壁面附近较大,中心部位较小,壁面附近孔隙率的增大使得低流速区域减小,较高流速区域增大;当孔隙率小值时,温度按线性减小;当孔隙率大值时,温度在高低温壁面附近迅速减小,在中部减小较缓,热量按导热和对流共同传递;孔隙率增大能使平均怒谢尔数增大,对流换热作用增强.     

多孔氮化硅陶瓷的微观结构、力学性能和气体透气性的研究

本研究中,以石油焦为造孔剂、Y2O3-Al2O3为烧结助剂,通过注浆成型制备出多孔氮化硅陶瓷.研究石油焦的加入量对多孔氮化硅陶瓷微观结构、力学性能及气体透气性的影响.结果表明:多孔氮化硅陶瓷的微孔是由长棒状的β-Si3N4晶粒互相搭接而成,大孔是由石油焦燃烧而成.随着石油焦加入量的增加,气孔率及达西渗透系数(μ)增大,但试样的抗弯强度降低.在起始α-Si3N4粉末中添加10wt;～50wt;石油焦、5wt; Y2O3-3wt;Al2O3 1800℃下保温2h制备出气孔率为37.08;～59.40;、抗弯强度为52.00～154.27 MPa、μ值为(3.04 ～6.87)×10-13m2的多孔氮化硅陶瓷.     

Acoustic modeling of perforated concrete using the dual porosity theory

Perforated concrete shows nowadays a high potential for many construction and building engineering applications. This work is devoted to the analysis of the acoustic properties of perforated concrete made from arlite lightweight aggregates. Concrete produced from these materials is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional materials and offers a higher durability, excellent strength-to-weight ratio and low cost. In particular, it is shown that the acoustic behavior of perforated concrete can be modeled using a dual porosity approach based on the knowledge of the non-acoustic properties of the matrix granular material and geometrical data. To this end, various non-perforated and perforated samples were prepared and characterized in an experimental test facility, their acoustic properties being determined through the transfer function impedance tube method. Experimental and estimated results related to the acoustic properties of a number of prepared specimens are presented, showing a good agreement. Results suggest that this approach is suitable for practical design of such materials as part of noise control systems.     

基于DIC的受载砂土颗粒体系的细观参数及运动分析

本文结合DIC方法对砂土体系进行可视化的直剪试验。通过对所采集的数字图片进行预处理,得到利于计算砂土体系细观参数的优质图片,经过图像分割和区域标记,最后利用MATLAB计算得到体系孔隙率、定向率和各向异性率等细观参数。对图像进行DIC计算分析,得到砂土颗粒体系的位移等值线云图,分析了体系内的砂土颗粒在直剪试验中的运动情况,并定性描述了位移突变对体系部分力链传递过程的影响。     

大长径比熔铸装药热芯棒凝固工艺优化仿真

为提高大长径比战斗部的熔铸装药质量,采用有限元仿真方法建立了三维装药模型,对熔铸装药过程进行数值模拟。通过分析传统铸装和热芯棒工艺铸装的仿真结果,结合缩孔形成原因和传统热芯棒工艺对装药质量的改善机理,设计出一种多层次优化温度控制的热芯棒,并对改良热芯棒工艺铸装过程进行数值模拟,预测热芯棒改良工艺对装药质量的影响。结果表明:传统热芯棒铸装工艺无法改变药柱径向凝固顺序,在药室宽大处仍然会出现缩孔缩松的疵病,而改良热芯棒工艺通过改善药柱凝固顺序,可以预防缩孔缩松出现,达到了预期要求。     

硫辅助合成高孔隙率大孔氮化硼材料

采用硫粉辅助的方法合成了具有一定有序孔洞结构的三维大孔氮化硼材料,具有高比表面积(230 m2.g-1)和高孔隙率(85.6%),并呈现开孔结构。在未加入硫粉的情况下则只形成完全无序的三维大孔氮化硼,并且比表面积和孔隙率分别降至122m2.g-1和73.7%。热重测试表明两种产品均具有良好的抗氧化性能。本文还对这种大孔材料的形成过程和硫粉的作用进行了初步的探讨。     

Reversible interpenetration in a metal-organic framework triggered by ligand removal and addition

Caging cages: Crystals of a metal-organic framework, MOF-123 [Zn(7) O(2) (NBD)(5) (DMF)(2) ] have a three-dimensional porous structure in which DMF ligands (see picture, pink) protrude into small channels. Removal of these ligands triggers the transformation of this MOF to the doubly interpenetrating form, MOF-246 [Zn(7) O(2) (NBD)(5) ]. Moreover, addition of DMF into MOF-246 triggers reverse transformation to give MOF-123. NBD=2-nitrobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate.