高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中泰拉霉素残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定猪肉样品中新型兽药泰拉霉素残留的方法.样品用V(甲醇): V(0.1% H3PO4)=70: 30混合溶液提取,经离心后用PCX固相萃取小柱净化, 以SymmetryC8色谱柱为分离柱,在串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,内标法定量.方法的线性范围为10～500 μg/kg,检出限为5.0 μg/kg,在3个浓度水平(10,20和50 μg/kg)进行添加实验,平均回收率为93.1%～105.5%; 批内相对标准偏差为1.5%～4.6%; 批间相对标准偏差为1.8 %～5.6%.     

Application of <Superscript>31</Superscript>P NMR for added polyphosphate determination in pork meat

Application of ³¹P NMR for qualitative and quantitative determination of added phosphorus compounds in meat samples is described. Furthermore, usefulness of the proposed method for monitoring of poly- and pyrophosphates hydrolysis in meat is discussed. Calibration curves based on the ³¹P resonance line areas were elaborated for Na₃P₃O₉, Na₅P₃O₁₀, Na₂H₂P₂O₇, and K₄P₂O₇ resulting in linearity (R ² = 0.9976, 0.9953, 0.9974, and 0.9524, respectively), detection limits (DL from 0.0018 mol L⁻¹ for Na₃P₃O₉ to 0.0070 mol L⁻¹ for K₄P₂O₇), and quantification limits (QL from 0.0060 mol L⁻¹ for Na₃P₃O₉ to 0.0234 mol L⁻¹ for K₄P₂O₇). The developed procedure was applied for laboratory prepared meat samples and compared with the standard UV-VIS method. The minimal sample pretreatment, obtained within-day precision (CV ≤ 2.0 %) and accuracy (as recovery ≥ 95 %) suggest ³¹P NMR as an alternative method of phosphorus determination in food analysis.     

微波消解冷原子荧光法测定市售猪肉中的痕量汞

采用微波消解，冷原子荧光法测定了猪肉中的痕量汞。汞的回收率在90．7％～98．8％之间；相对标准偏差（RSD）2．62％；检出限为0．010μg/mL；线性范围0～12μg/mL。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肉中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时定量和确证猪肉中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸（MQCA）残留量的检测方法。试样用0.3 mol/L盐酸溶液水解提取，加入乙腈和乙酸乙酯萃取，再用0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液反萃取，阴离子交换固相萃取柱净化，经Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈柱（50 mm×3.0 mm，1.8 μm）分离，采用液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测，基质匹配添加标准曲线定量。MQCA在1.0~50 μg/L范围内线性相关系数大于0.99，在0.5、1.0、5.0 μg/kg加标水平下其回收率为90.5%~119.6%，相对标准偏差为3.14%~4.22%。方法可用于猪肉中MQCA残留量的快速定量和确证检测。     

Critical comparison of wet and dry digestion procedures for trace metal analysis of meat and fish tissues

The efficiency of four methods of digestion was evaluated for trace metal analysis of pork meat and carp fish tissues. Two methods of dry and two methods of wet ashing were compared in terms of calculated variances. Mixtures of HCl+HNO₃ were applied for wet ashing of the samples at 100 °C, while dry ashing with or without H₂SO₄ at 450 °C were the alternative methods. The digests were subsequently analysed for Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Analysis of variance and Student's t-test were performed separately for meat and fish analytical results. Wet digestion with a (1+1) mixture of HCl+HNO₃ has given better recovery and repeatability for almost all metals than a (9+1) mixture of HCl+HNO₃. Also between the dry ashing methods, the use of H₂SO₄ has given better results than ashing of the tissues without H₂SO₄.     

猪肉pH值的可见近红外光谱在线检测研究

pH值是猪肉关键品质之一,实施在线检测对优化肉品加工工艺、保证产品质量、提高肉及肉制品的经济价值有重要意义。研究应用可见近红外光谱对新鲜猪肉pH值进行在线检测,实验时样品以0.25 m·s-1的速度运动,采集其可见近红外漫反射光谱(350～1 000 nm),进行反射距离校正后应用偏最小二乘回归法建立猪肉pH值在线检测模型。研究通过Kennard-stone算法划分样品校正集与预测集,对比了不同的光谱预处理方法(多元散射校正,微分等)对预测结果的影响,并对建模所用光谱变量进行优化。研究发现经过多元散射校正结合一阶微分预处理的模型效果最好,模型预测相关系数为0.905,预测均方根误差为0.051,经过优化的模型建模所用波长变量数减少一半,模型的预测相关系数提高到0.926,预测均方根误差下降至0.045。结果表明可见近红外光谱可用于新鲜猪肉pH值的在线检测。     

分子印迹固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定猪肉中红霉素残留

采用沉淀聚合法,以红霉素（erythromycin,ERY）为模板,甲基丙烯酸（methacrylic acid,MAA）为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate,EGDMA）为交联剂,甲醇/乙腈（1:4,v/v）为致孔剂制备了ERY分子印迹聚合物（molecularly imprinted polymers,MIPs）。通过扫描电镜、平衡吸附实验等对制备的印迹和非印迹聚合物进行表征和测定,结果表明所制备的MIPs对ERY具有特异性吸附作用。Scatchard分析证明MIPs对ERY的吸附存在两类不同结合位点,最大表观结合量（Q_max）和平衡解离常数（K_d）分别为Q_max1=45.24 mg/g,K_d1=0.028 g/L; Q_max2=87.53 mg/g,K_d2=0.20 g/L。以制备的MIPs为吸附剂的分子印迹固相萃取柱,结合高效液相色谱法能够快速检测猪肉样品中的ERY残留,线性范围为0.5~50 mg/L（r²=0.9994）,检出限（S/N=3）为0.2 mg/kg。猪肉样品中不同添加水平下ERY的加标回收率为95.2%~104.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于5%。该方法选择性好,灵敏、可靠,可用于猪肉等复杂食品样本中ERY残留的检测。     

基于微分博弈的二级猪肉供应链质量行为协调机制研究

运用微分博弈方法研究了由单一生猪屠宰加工企业和单一超市构成的二级猪肉供应链质量行为协调机制。首先考察并比较了Nash非合作博弈、Stackelberg主从博弈以及协同合作博弈情形下屠宰加工企业和超市的最优质量行为决策,研究结果表明协同合作决策模式下,屠宰加工企业和超市的质量行为以及猪肉供应链总体利润均严格优于在非合作决策模式下的相应值。然后导出了能够使屠宰加工企业和超市的个体利润达到帕累托最优,进而实现双方质量行为协调的供应链总体利润分配系数的取值范围。