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271.
The age of information (AoI) metric was proposed to measure the freshness of messages obtained at the terminal node of a status updating system. In this paper, the AoI of a discrete time status updating system with probabilistic packet preemption is investigated by analyzing the steady state of a three-dimensional discrete stochastic process. We assume that the queue used in the system is , which represents that the system size is 2 and the packet in the buffer can be preempted by a fresher packet with probability . Instead of considering the system’s AoI separately, we use a three-dimensional state vector to simultaneously track the real-time changes of the AoI, the age of a packet in the server, and the age of a packet waiting in the buffer. We give the explicit expression of the system’s average AoI and show that the average AoI of the system without packet preemption is obtained by letting . When is set to 1, the mean of the AoI of the system with a queue is obtained as well. Combining the results we have obtained and comparing them with corresponding average continuous AoIs, we propose a possible relationship between the average discrete AoI with the queue and the average continuous AoI with the queue. For each of two extreme cases where and , we also determine the stationary distribution of AoI using the probability generation function (PGF) method. The relations between the average AoI and the packet preemption probability , as well as the AoI’s distribution curves in two extreme cases, are illustrated by numerical simulations. Notice that the probabilistic packet preemption may occur, for example, in an energy harvest (EH) node of a wireless sensor network, where the packet in the buffer can be replaced only when the node collects enough energy. In particular, to exhibit the usefulness of our idea and methods and highlight the merits of considering discrete time systems, in this paper, we provide detailed discussions showing how the results about continuous AoI are derived by analyzing the corresponding discrete time system and how the discrete age analysis is generalized to the system with multiple sources. In terms of packet service process, we also propose an idea to analyze the AoI of a system when the service time distribution is arbitrary. 相似文献
272.
桂易清 《南昌大学学报(理科版)》2006,30(4):325-326,330
首先将2维KaKeya型的极大函数通过Fourier变换转化成振荡型积分的形式,对此振荡型积分作相应的估计。通过Littlewood—Paley方法将此振荡型积分分解成不同的算子,在估计极大算子时,通过Newton—Leibnig公式,将其转化为相应的积分形式,最后通过经典的振荡型积分的估计,得到最后的结果,本方法强调振荡型积分的方法和以前几何测度论的方法不同。 相似文献
273.
In this paper, we present a fully Lagrangian method based on the radial basis function (RBF) finite difference (FD) method for solving convection–diffusion partial differential equations (PDEs) on evolving surfaces. Surface differential operators are discretized by the tangent plane approach using Gaussian RBFs augmented with two-dimensional (2D) polynomials. The main advantage of our method is the simplicity of calculating differentiation weights. Additionally, we couple the method with anisotropic RBFs (ARBFs) to obtain more accurate numerical solutions for the anisotropic growth of surfaces. In the ARBF interpolation, the Euclidean distance is replaced with a suitable metric that matches the anisotropic surface geometry. Therefore, it will lead to a good result on the aspects of stability and accuracy of the RBF-FD method for this type of problem. The performance of this method is shown for various convection–diffusion equations on evolving surfaces, which include the anisotropic growth of surfaces and growth coupled with the solutions of PDEs. 相似文献
274.
蒋先江 《宁波大学学报(理工版)》2011,24(1):46-48
若p调和函数u属于W^1,q〉p-1〉0,且满足|p-2|或|p—g|足够小,证明了△↓一定是Holder连续的.这个结果推广了调和函数(p=2)的正则性结论,其证明主要运用了Hodge分解及反Holder不等式. 相似文献
275.
一种基于新型小波包阈值的图像去噪方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出了一种基于小波包理论去除图像噪声的方法,用小波包把图像分解为高频分量和低频分量,根据高频分量估计噪声的标准差,并利用该标准差以及Birge-Massart惩罚函数计算阈值.鉴于传统软硬阈值的缺陷,采用一种新型阈值量化方法,用三次多项式在硬阈值的基础上插值,使新的阈值函数保持了连续性和可导性.通过这种方法既消除了图像的振铃现象,又保留了细节成分.实验表明:与传统方法相比,新方法使图像视觉效果和峰值信噪比均获得提高. 相似文献
276.
研究了一类具有Hassell-Varely功能性反应函数的食饵-捕食模型的回馈控制系统,利用比较连续定理和一致度定理,证明了系统正周期解的存在性,并通过构造Lyapunov函数给出了系统全局稳定性的充分条件和证明. 相似文献
277.
单值模糊器是将高维空间中一个实值点映射成该空间上的一个单值模糊集,在构造非线性T-S模糊系统时不仅可克服输入变量的噪声问题,而且能减少模糊推理机设计中的计算量.首先,基于分片线性函数和单值模糊器给出了非线性T-S模糊系统模型;并依据广义三角形的重心坐标公式,对等距剖分论域中的峰值点和分量半径等参数进行了优化;最后,通过模拟实例对系统进行了验证,得到优化后的非线性T-S模糊系统确实有更好的逼近效果. 相似文献
278.
In this paper, the effects of a bistable potential function U(x)=-ax2/2+b|x|2γ/(2γ) on stochastic resonance (SR) is discussed. We investigate the effects of index γ on the performance of the SR system with fixed parameters a and b, and with fixed potential barriers, respectively. To measure the performance of the SR system in the presence of an aperiodic input, the bit error rate is employed, as is commonly used in binary communications. The numerical simulations strongly support the theoretical results. The goal of this investigation is to explore the effects of the shape of potential functions on SR and give a guidance of nonlinear systems in the application of information processing. 相似文献
279.
Leila Saedi Zahra Javanshir Salah Khanahmadzadeh Maryam Maskanati Milad Nouraliei 《Molecular physics》2020,118(7)
ABSTRACTDensity functional theory calculations were used to investigate the potential application of an AlN nanocluster in the detection of H2S, COS, CS2 and SO2 gases. In overall, the order of strength of interaction of these gases with the nanocluster is as follows: SO2 (Ead?=??17.6?kcal/mol)?>?H2S (Ead?=??14.0?kcal/mol)?>?COS (Ead?=??8.4?kcal/mol)?>?CS2 (Ead?=??4.5?kcal/mol). This indicates that by increasing the electric dipole moment, the adsorption energy becomes more negative. We found that the Al12N12 nanocluster may be a promising work function-type sensor for SO2 gas among the studied gases. Also, it is an electronic sensor for both SO2 and CS2 gases but selectively acts between them because of their different effects on the electrical conductivity. It is neither work function-type nor electronic sensor for H2S and COS gases. The AlN nanocluster benefits from a short recovery time about 7.7?s and 18.0?ms for desorption of SO2 and CS2 gases from its surface at room temperature, respectively. It is also concluded that this cluster can work at a humid environment. 相似文献
280.