低碳钢塑性变形量磁评定法研究

针对塑性变形量评定的局限问题,基于铁磁材料塑性变形致位错在不同方向分布不同的现象,研究了磁测法在定量评定低碳钢塑性变形量方面的应用前景。实验以工程中常用的低碳钢Q195钢板为测试材料,制作了形状尺寸一致的一批试件,并对其进行了不同程度的塑性变形量加载。通过搭建的磁化检测系统,采用相同强度及频率的正弦波激励,对所有样品进行了不同方向的磁化;同时经线圈及隧道磁敏电阻(TMR)采集了每次磁化的磁化曲线,提取了磁化曲线特征参数,对比了其与塑性变形量的定量关系。结果表明:随着塑性变形量的增加,铁磁钢材在同一磁场强度下产生的磁感应强度也会变大;沿主塑性变形方向磁化时,磁滞消耗能量最少,沿主塑性变形垂直方向磁化时,磁滞消耗的能量最多;磁路内磁场在主塑性变形方向上对塑变量的变化最敏感,而磁路外磁场在主塑变垂直方向上对塑变量的变化最敏感。实现了铁磁材料磁特征参数与塑性变形量的定量关联。本研究为开发简捷的铁磁材料塑性变形量无损评定磁方法奠定了基础。     

纵横载荷作用下功能梯度梁的弯曲和过屈曲

基于一阶非线性梁理论和物理中面概念,导出了纵横向载荷作用下功能梯度材料(FGM)梁非线性弯曲和过屈曲问题的控制方程,并获得了该问题的精确解;据此解研究了梯度材料性质、外载荷、横向剪切变形以及边界条件等因素对功能梯度材料梁非线性力学行为的影响,分析中假设功能梯度材料性质只沿梁厚度方向,并按成分含量的幂指数函数形式变化。结果表明:纵横载荷共同作用下,功能梯度梁的弯曲构形将有无限多个;随着梯度指数的增大,梁的变形减小,临界载荷升高;随着长高比的增大,横向剪切变形的影响减小。     

交变电场作用下骨表面温升的实验研究

骨具有力电性质,这一性质可促进骨组织生长。骨既是生理器官又是介电材料,在交变电场作用下,其表现行为可能有生理作用。为此,本文测量了骨悬臂梁试样在交变电场下的表面温升与顶端挠度。发现在电压70V,频率为10~70kHz的交流电场下,最大表面温升达到2~4℃,最大挠度变化为9.0~78.7μm;在频率10kHz,电压为70~175V的交流电场下,最大表面温升达到4~6℃,最大挠度变化为13.0~114.3μm。同时测量了两种经典介电材料有机玻璃和聚乙烯在交变电场下的温升与顶端挠度,最大温升低于0.5℃,但是挠度与骨试样相当,所以相对高温升是骨特有的性质。将交流电压有效值替换成相同幅值的直流电压时,最大温升也低于0.5℃,基本没有挠度变化,所以相对的高温升反映了骨的交流性质。分析后认为,骨在交变电场作用下的温升由胶原的介电损耗引起。实验数据显示,骨在交变电场下,表面温度变化与加载电压的平方成正比,且在实验加载的10~70kHz频段内,骨的介电常数随频率的变化明显。     

基于塑性铰理论的车身概念设计正碰分析与优化方法

在概念设计阶段,车身碰撞安全性能评价是一个难点问题,需要详细的结构模型,本文基于塑性铰理论提出采用梁单元简化模型对框架车身进行概念设计阶段的耐撞性评估和优化设计方法。首先,介绍了关于箱型截面薄壁梁弯曲特性研究的理论模型与计算过程,接着赋予梁单元塑性铰的特性,模拟薄壁梁变形,再对框架车身进行了碰撞仿真。将仿真结果与详细模型对比,以分析简化模型的精度及可靠性。最后,以此为基础对框架车身进行耐撞性优化。结果表明,该简化模型易于创建,且有较高的精度,可用于概念设计阶段梁结构的设计工作。     

理想弹塑性固体Riemann问题的解结构与初值条件

针对理想弹塑性固体材料的一维Riemann问题,在不考虑真空的情况下,讨论其所有可能存在的解结构,给出每一种解结构下对应的初值条件且证明该系列初值条件的完备性,即任意给定的物理量初值均有且只有一种解结构与之对应.基于该理论,在设计精确或近似理想弹塑性Riemann问题求解器时,可以依据初值条件对任意物理量初值直接判断其对应的解结构,从而提高求解器的精度和效率.数值试验验证了该系列初值条件的正确性和有效性.     

手机虹膜识别镜头设计

随着近年来图像传感器的快速商用化以及生物识别算法的发展,虹膜识别功能得以应用于移动终端设备。获取虹膜图像是虹膜识别的关键一步,运用ZEMAX光学设计软件设计了一款适用于手机的虹膜识别镜头。该镜头采用豪威科技公司OmniVision_OV2281传感器,采用三片式非球面光学塑料设计,F数为2.3,全视场角为34°,在1/2奈奎斯特频率220 lp/mm处MTF值均大于0.39,且系统总长仅3 mm。根据ZEMAX像质评价方法以及公差分析结果可知,该镜头各项光学指标优良,具有像质好、体积小,质量轻、价格低、容易加工等特点。     

Heterostructured composite of NiFe-LDH nanosheets with Ti4O7 for oxygen evolution reaction

Developing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst based on earth-abundant materials holds great promise for ascertaining water-splitting to surmount its deprived kinetics. In this regard, NiFe-LDH (layered double hydroxide) receives considerable attention owing to their layered structure. However, they still suffer from poor electronic conductivity and structural stability. We combined NiFe-LDH nanosheets with Magnéli phase Ti₄O₇ into a heterostructured composite. A series of analyses reveal that decorating Ti₄O₇ facilitates charge transfer to enhance the conductivity of NiFe-LDH-Ti₄O₇. During electrochemical measurement, Ni²⁺ is transformed to metastable Ni³⁺ (Ni (OH)→ NiOOH) before the OER onset potential. Thus, the presence of Ni³⁺ as the main active sites could improve the chemisorption of OH^? to facilitate OER. As a result, the NiFe-LDH-Ti₄O₇ catalyst delivers as low as onset potential (1.43 V). Combining the holey structure (NiFe-LDH and Ti₄O₇) and the defect engineering generated on NiFe-LDH-Ti₄O₇ as a synergistic effect improves the OER performance. The inclusion of Ti₄O₇ in the composite leads to more vacancy sites, as evidenced by the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. The obtained defective structure with a low coordination environment would improve the electronic conductivity and facilitate the adsorption process of H₂O onto metal cations, thereby increasing the intrinsic catalytic activity of NiOOH. The strong coupling of NiFe-LDH and Ti₄O₇ also increases the stability, and the heterostructured composite helps maintain the structural robustness of the LDH.     

Deformation Temperature and Lamellar Thickness Dependency of FormⅠto Form Ⅲ Phase Transition in Syndiotactic Polypropylene during Tensile Stretching

Phase transition from form Ⅰto form Ⅲ in syndiotactic polypropylene crystallized at different conditions during tensile deformation at different temperatures was investigated by using in situ synchrotron wide angle X-ray diffraction technique. In all cases, the occurrence of this phase transition was observed. The onset strain of this transition was found to be crystalline thickness decided by crystallization temperature and drawing temperature dependent. The effect of drawing temperature on this phase transition is understood by the changes in mechanical properties with temperature. Moreover, crystalline thickness dependency of the phase transition reveals that this form I to from III phase transition occurs first in those lamellae with their normal along the stretching direction which have not experienced stress induced melting and recrystallization.     

硬脂酸/异氰酸酯摩尔比对聚丙烯/木粉复合材料性能的影响

用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）和硬脂酸（SA）复合改性木粉,在双螺杆挤出机中制备了聚丙烯（PP）基的木塑复合材料（WPC）,研究了SA/TDI摩尔比对木粉表面性能、复合材料力学性能和加工性能的影响。 结果表明,随着SA/TDI摩尔比的增大,改性木粉的表面张力逐渐减小,与PP的界面张力先减小后增大;与未改性的WPC相比,SA/TDI复合改性剂对WPC的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度影响不明显,但对无缺口冲击强度提升较大;当SA/TDI摩尔比为1.07时,复合材料的无缺口冲击强度和熔体质量流动速率分别达到9.74 kJ/m2和13.12 g/10 min,分别比未改性WPC提高了77%和22%。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定玩具塑料中镉

采用微波加压消解溶样，ICP-AES法测定玩具塑料中镉含量，选择最佳工作条件，方法简便、快速、可靠。适用于各类玩具塑料中镉含量的分析。