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101.
Thereza Paiva 《Surface science》2007,601(2):419-424
We study height and roughness distributions of films grown with discrete Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) models in a small time regime which is expected to parallel the typical experimental conditions. Those distributions are measured with square windows of sizes 8 ? r ? 128 gliding through a much larger surface. Results for models with weak finite-size corrections indicate that the absolute value of the skewness and the value of the kurtosis of height distributions converge to 0.2 ? ∣S∣ ? 0.3 and 0 ? Q ? 0.5, respectively. Despite the low accuracy of these results, they give additional support to a recent claim of KPZ scaling in oligomer films. However, there are significant finite-size effects in the scaled height distributions of models with large local slopes, such as ballistic deposition, which suggests that comparison of height distributions must not be used to rule out KPZ scaling. On the other hand, roughness distributions of the same models show good data collapse, with negligible dependence on time and window size. The estimates of skewness and kurtosis for roughness distributions are 1.7 ? S ? 2 and 3 ? Q ? 7. A stretched exponential tail was found, which seems to be a particular feature of KPZ systems in 2 + 1 dimensions. Moreover, the KPZ roughness distributions cannot be fitted by those of 1/fα noise. This study suggests that the roughness distribution is the best option to test KPZ scaling in the growth regime, and provides quantitative data for future comparison with other models or experiments. 相似文献
102.
In this paper the optimization of additively decomposed discrete functions is investigated. For these functions genetic algorithms have exhibited a poor performance. First the schema theory of genetic algorithms is reformulated in probability theory terms. A schema defines the structure of a marginal distribution. Then the conceptual algorithm BEDA is introduced. BEDA uses a Boltzmann distribution to generate search points. From BEDA a new algorithm, FDA, is derived. FDA uses a factorization of the distribution. The factorization captures the structure of the given function. The factorization problem is closely connected to the theory of conditional independence graphs. For the test functions considered, the performance of FDA—in number of generations till convergence—is similar to that of a genetic algorithm for the OneMax function. This result is theoretically explained. 相似文献
103.
On the jump behavior of distributions and logarithmic averages 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jasson Vindas Ricardo Estrada 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2008,347(2):597-606
The jump behavior and symmetric jump behavior of distributions are studied. We give several formulas for the jump of distributions in terms of logarithmic averages, this is done in terms of Cesàro-logarithmic means of decompositions of the Fourier transform and in terms of logarithmic radial and angular local asymptotic behaviors of harmonic conjugate functions. Application to Fourier series are analyzed. In particular, we give formulas for jumps of periodic distributions in terms of Cesàro–Riesz logarithmic means and Abel–Poisson logarithmic means of conjugate Fourier series. 相似文献
104.
Let X1,…, Xn be i.i.d. random variables symmetric about zero. Let Ri(t) be the rank of |Xi − tn−1/2| among |X1 − tn−1/2|,…, |Xn − tn−1/2| and Tn(t) = Σi = 1nφ((n + 1)−1Ri(t))sign(Xi − tn−1/2). We show that there exists a sequence of random variables Vn such that sup0 ≤ t ≤ 1 |Tn(t) − Tn(0) − tVn| → 0 in probability, as n → ∞. Vn is asymptotically normal. 相似文献
105.
G. Wolschin 《Annalen der Physik》2008,17(7):462-476
The short parton production phase in high‐energy heavy‐ion collisions is treated analytically as a nonlinear diffusion process. The initial buildup of the rapidity density distributions of produced charged hadrons within τp? 0.25 fm/c occurs in three sources during the colored partonic phase. In a two‐step approach, the subsequent diffusion in pseudorapidity space during the interaction time of τint? 7‐10 fm/c (mean duration of the collision) is essentially linear as expressed in the Relativistic Diffusion Model (RDM) which yields excellent agreement with the data at RHIC energies, and allows for predictions at LHC energies. Results for d+Au are discussed in detail. 相似文献
106.
Light charged particles emitted in heavy-ion induced reactions, their spectra and angular distributions measured over a range
of energies, carry the signature of the underlying reaction mechanisms. Analysis of data of light charged particles, both
inclusive and exclusive measured in coincidence with gamma rays, fission products, evaporation residues have yielded interesting
results which bring out the influence of nuclear structure, nuclear mean field and dynamics on the emission of these particles. 相似文献
107.
K. F. Cheng 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》1987,39(1):331-347
Summary In this paper, two types of robust estimators and approximate confidence intervals for the difference of location parameters
of correlated random variables are proposed and investigated when some observations are missing. It is shown that the suggested
estimators are consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. In addition, the proposed approximate confidence intervals
are also shown to enjoy some nice asymptotic properties. 相似文献
108.
矩匹配方法是用来求解非线性风险度(Value at Risk,简称:VaR)的一种普遍性方法,它是先假定样本经验分布服从已知分布族,然后运用矩匹配估计方法估计相应的参数,得到资产回报样本的密度函数,再计算风险度VaR;本采用的Johnson分布族是矩匹配方法的直接应用,并且计算出来的结果与局部Monte.Carlo结果进行了比较。并通过实证分析认为这种方法是一种良好的计算非线性VaR方法。 相似文献
109.
Anisotropic energy distribution of sputtered atoms induced by low energy heavy ion bombardment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lai Zhang 《辐射效应与固体损伤》2013,168(8):337-347
The theory of anisotropic sputtering published in Phys. Rev. B 71(2), 026101 (2005) and Radiat. Effects Defects Solids 159(5), 301 (2004) has been modified and used to calculate the sputtering yield energy distributions for copper, tungsten, and aluminum targets bombarded by low-energy argon ion. As usual, the electronic stopping is ignored in the analysis. The present theory (modified Sigmund’s theory) has been shown to fit the corresponding experimental results of sputtering yield energy distributions well, except for the cases where the larger ion incident angle and larger sputtering emission angles were considered. The larger discrepancy between the present theory and the experimental result in the latter cases is probably due to the influence of direct recoil atoms on the energy spectrum. Compared with Falcone’s analytical theory, the present theory can reproduce much better experimental results of sputtering phenomena. The fact clearly demonstrates the intrinsic relation between the ion–energy dependence of the total sputtering yield and the sputtering yield energy distribution and suggests the great importance of momentum deposited on the target surface in the physical sputtering 相似文献
110.
The frequency, field distributions and filling factors of a DR/TE??? probe, consisting of two cylindrical dielectric resonators (DR1 and DR2) in a rectangular TE??? cavity, are simulated and analyzed by finite element methods. The TE(+++) mode formed by the in-phase coupling of the TE??(δ)(DR1), TE??(δ)(DR2) and TE??? basic modes, is the most appropriate mode for X-band EPR experiments. The corresponding simulated B(+++) fields of the TE(+++) mode have significant amplitudes at DR1, DR2 and the cavity's iris resulting in efficient coupling between the DR/TE??? probe and the microwave bridge. At the experimental configuration, B(+++) in the vicinity of DR2 is much larger than that around DR1 indicating that DR1 mainly acts as a frequency tuner. In contrast to a simple microwave shield, the resonant cavity is an essential component of the probe that affects its frequency. The two dielectric resonators are always coupled and this is enhanced by the cavity. When DR1 and DR2 are close to the cavity walls, the TE(+++) frequency and B(+++) distribution are very similar to that of the empty TE??? cavity. When all the experimental details are taken into account, the agreement between the experimental and simulated TE(+++) frequencies is excellent. This confirms that the resonating mode of the spectrometer's DR/TE??? probe is the TE(+++) mode. Additional proof is obtained from B?(x), which is the calculated maximum x component of B(+++). It is predominantly due to DR2 and is approximately 4.4 G. The B?(x) maximum value of the DR/TE??? probe is found to be slightly larger than that for a single resonator in a cavity because DR1 further concentrates the cavity's magnetic field along its x axis. Even though DR1 slightly enhances the performance of the DR/TE??? probe its main benefit is to act as a frequency tuner. A waveguide iris can be used to over-couple the DR/TE??? probe and lower its Q to ≈150. Under these conditions, the probe has a short dead time and a large bandwidth. The DR/TE??? probe's calculated conversion factor is approximately three times that of a regular cavity making it a good candidate for pulsed EPR experiments. 相似文献