考虑空间变异性的框架结构可靠度分析方法

空间变异性是结构参数的固有属性,对于工程结构的随机响应和可靠度分析具有重要影响。结合随机场离散的局部平均理论和随机响应分析的摄动随机有限元法,提出一种考虑参数空间变异性的平面框架结构可靠度分析方法,并定量分析了参数空间变异性对结构可靠度的影响规律。首先,考虑随机因素的空间变异性,采用二维线性随机场离散的局部平均理论将平面框架结构的连续随机场离散为一组随机变量,并通过理论推导建立了随机场局部平均间协方差矩阵的二重积分表达式;然后,采用摄动随机有限元法分析结构随机响应及其对基本随机变量的梯度向量,并利用可靠度分析的梯度优化法计算结构可靠指标,从而提出了一种考虑参数空间变异性的平面框架结构可靠度分析方法。分析表明,该方法具有较高的计算精度和计算效率;随机场离散的局部平均理论对相关结构类型不敏感;随着随机场相关偏度和变异性的增大,框架结构的可靠指标逐渐减小,说明结构参数的空间变异性对结构可靠度的影响不容忽视。     

Respiratory modulation of heart beat-to-beat interval in diabetic patients

We have analyzed simultaneous recordings of respiration and heartbeat intervals in diabetic patients and control subjects. Our main findings are that in diabetic patients the heart beat-to-beat interval variability and cardiorespiratory crosscorrelation are decreased, the autocorrelation time of the interval series is increased, and the phase relation of the respiration with the heartbeat interval oscillations is often reversed in comparison with the control subjects. We have been able to reproduce the data using a biophysical model in which the time dependent input signal to the sinoatrial node was constituted of quasiperiodic and aperiodic components. The quasiperiodic input was obtained from the recording of the respiratory signal and the aperiodic input was obtained from selected realizations of correlated noise. Our study indicates that both input components to the sinoatrial node are modified in diabetic patients.     

平流层中部垂直运动年循环异常的模拟研究

利用NCAR提供的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的二维模式(SOCRATES)进行模拟试验，进一步探讨年循环年际异常的可能成因.模拟结果的分析表明臭氧高值中心相对于赤道准两年移动是年循环的年际异常的一个重要原因.当臭氧高值区离开赤道偏向夏半球时，夏半球的平流层中部将吸收更多的太阳短波辐射，而冬半球的则相反，因此更大的短波加热率将增大夏半球平流层中部的上升运动，导致年循环的增强；相反地，臭氧高值中心接近赤道时则导致了相对较弱的年循环. 关键词： 臭氧 甲烷 年循环 准两年变率     

Interdecadal variability of the tropospheric biennial oscillation in the western North Pacific

The observed tropospheric biennial oscillation （TBO） in the western North Pacific （WNP） monsoon region has an interdecadal variability with a period of 40-50 yr. That suggests a weaker effect of the TBO on the East Asia followed by a stronger one. A simple analytic model was designed to investigate the mechanism of the interdecadal variability of the TBO. The results indicated that a local TBO air-sea system not only supports the TBO variability in the WNP monsoon region but also produces an interdecadal variability of the TBO.     

Production variability in manufacturing systems: Bernoulli reliability case

The problem of production variability in serial manufacturing lines with unreliable machines is addressed. Bernoulli statistics of machine reliability are assumed. Three problems are considered: the problem of production variance, the problem of constant demand satisfaction, and the problem of random demand satisfaction generated by another (unreliable) production line. For all three problems, bounds on the respective variability measures are derived. These bounds show that long lines smooth out the production and reduce the variability. More precisely, these bounds state that the production variability of a line with many machines is smaller than that of a single machine system with production volume and reliability characteristics similar to those of the longer line. Since all the variability measures for a single machine line can be calculated relatively easily, these bounds provide analytical tools for analysis and design of serial production lines from the point of view of the customer demand satisfaction.     

Effect of heat stress on the ionomic profile of Nicotiana langsdorffii wild-type and mutant genotypes

Possible changes in the ionome of Nicotiana langsdorffii wild-type and transgenic specimens following heat stress have been explored, considering both variations in the total concentration of 28 major and trace elements and their root/aerial part partitioning. In order to reveal the statistically significant effects, the natural variability was evaluated by the analysis of 10 individual specimens for each genotype. It was found that heat stress affects the plant ionome in a complex way, depending on the element and the genetic modification. A significant decrease in the total concentration was observed for several elements (e.g. Fe and Zn), whereas fewer elements (e.g. Ca and Mg) showed the opposite trend. The heat stress also affected the elemental distribution within the plants, determining accumulation in roots (e.g. Mo, P and Zn in transgenic plants) or in the aerial part (e.g. K) and indicating an altered efficiency of ion transport or uptake processes, respectively. Finally, analytical data for the heat stress were merged with those previously obtained for chemical and water stresses and analysed by multivariate analysis, making it possible to display the different ionomic signatures of each stress and suggest suitable indicators for plant biomonitoring studies.     

心率变异性分析在新生儿疼痛检测中的应用

为了研究疼痛暴露对新生儿自主神经系统的影响,并建立基于心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)指标的新生儿疼痛检测模型,采用时域、频域和非线性方法对40名新生儿疼痛暴露前后的心电数据进行短时HRV分析,Wilcoxon符号秩检验用于统计分析,支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)用于建立检测模型.结果表明,RR间期均值a RR、低频段功率LF、高频段功率HF等3个线性指标和近似熵Ap En、样本熵Samp En、递归率REC等9个非线性指标在疼痛前后具有统计学差异;基于a RR、相邻两个RR间期对差值大于50 ms的百分比p NN50,Ap En,关联维D2和REC等5个指标和SVM的疼痛检测模型检测正确率达到83.75%.HRV的相关指标可反映新生儿自主神经系统对疼痛暴露的应答,基于HRV指标和SVM的模型可用于新生儿疼痛检测.     

On-Road Detection of Driver Fatigue and Drowsiness during Medium-Distance Journeys

Background: The detection of driver fatigue as a cause of sleepiness is a key technology capable of preventing fatal accidents. This research uses a fatigue-related sleepiness detection algorithm based on the analysis of the pulse rate variability generated by the heartbeat and validates the proposed method by comparing it with an objective indicator of sleepiness (PERCLOS). Methods: changes in alert conditions affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and therefore heart rate variability (HRV), modulated in the form of a wave and monitored to detect long-term changes in the driver’s condition using real-time control. Results: the performance of the algorithm was evaluated through an experiment carried out in a road vehicle. In this experiment, data was recorded by three participants during different driving sessions and their conditions of fatigue and sleepiness were documented on both a subjective and objective basis. The validation of the results through PERCLOS showed a 63% adherence to the experimental findings. Conclusions: the present study confirms the possibility of continuously monitoring the driver’s status through the detection of the activation/deactivation states of the ANS based on HRV. The proposed method can help prevent accidents caused by drowsiness while driving.     

Development of a comprehensive method for analyzing clerodane‐type diterpenes and phenolic compounds from Casearia sylvestris Swartz (Salicaceae) based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with chemometric tools

This work describes the development and optimization of an analytical method utilizing liquid chromatography and chemometrics to evaluate and differentiate two varieties of Casearia sylvestris Swartz (Salicaceae) from São Paulo State (Brazil) based on their secondary metabolite profiles. Previously, analytical studies only concerned the analysis of clerodane‐type diterpenes. Therefore, considering the importance of including phenolic compounds in such analysis, we used design of experiments to simultaneously extract and detect the largest number of compounds from both chemical classes. This new strategy allowed a comprehensive chromatographic analysis of C. sylvestris, and the results for the two varieties exhibited an interesting distribution according to their original ecosystems, suggesting a strong correlation to the main metabolites found in each species group. Besides their inherent morphological differences, C. sylvestris variety lingua, mainly found in Cerrado areas, predominantly contains phenolic compounds, while C. sylvestris variety sylvestris, mainly found in Atlantic Forest areas, contains mostly clerodane‐type diterpenes. Finally, it was also possible to observe differences in the secondary metabolite composition within each group depending on the place where samples were collected.     

Electrophoretic detection of genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum isolates by sequence-related amplified polymorphism

In the present study, sequence‐related amplification polymorphism (SRAP) was utilized to study the genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum isolates from different provinces in China, using Schistosoma mansoni from Puerto Rico for comparison. Five out of ten tested SRAP primer combinations displayed significant polymorphisms among S. japonicum isolates from China, namely ME2/EM1, ME4/EM1, ME4/EM6, ME5/EM4 and ME5/EM5. Analysis of the 61 S. japonicum samples from China with five SRAP primer combinations identified a total of 83 reproducible polymorphic fragments. The number of fragments using each primer combination ranged from 14 to 19, with an average of 16 polymorphic bands per primer pair, and the size of fragment ranged approximately from 100 to 1000 bp. Representative‐specific SRAP fragments were excised from the gels, and confirmed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA using primers designed and based on the sequences of these SRAP fragments. Based on SRAP profiles, unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram was constructed. UPGMA clustering algorithm categorized S. japonicum isolates from China into nine clades and two lineages (representing the mountainous and lake/marshland regions). These results indicate the usefulness of the SRAP technique for revealing genetic variability among S. japonicum isolates from China, and the SRAP technique should be applicable to other living organisms.