Optimal admission control for two station tandem queues with loss

We consider a two-station tandem queue with a buffer size of one at the first station and a finite buffer size at the second station. Silva et al. (2013) gave a criterion determining the optimal admission control policy for this model. In this paper, we improve the results of Silva et al. (2013) and also solve the problem conjectured by Silva et al. (2013).     

Sliding and oscillations in fisheries with on–off harvesting and different switching times

In this paper, we propose a fishery model with a discontinuous on–off harvesting policy, based on a very simple and well known rule: stop fishing when the resource is too scarce, i.e. whenever fish biomass is lower than a given threshold. The dynamics of the one-dimensional continuous time model, represented by a discontinuous piecewise-smooth ordinary differential equation, converges to the Schaefer equilibrium or to the threshold through a sliding process. We also consider the model with discrete time impulsive on–off switching that shows oscillations around the threshold value. Finally, a discrete-time version of the model is considered, where on–off harvesting switchings are decided with the same discrete time scale of non overlapping reproduction seasons of the harvested fish species. In this case the border collision bifurcations leading to the creations and destruction of periodic oscillations of the fish biomass are studied.     

我国粮食生产的技术推进模式及影响机制研究

基于农业生产技术的功能性特征及随机前沿理论,构建可分离柯布-道格拉斯形式生产函数,测算我国粮食生产全要素增长率及其组成成分.实证结果表明,1999-2011年间,小麦、稻谷和玉米作物的全要素增长率普遍较低,其中,前沿技术进步率对全要素增长率具有正的贡献;但技术效率(尤其是M技术效率)在逐年降低,是造成全要素增长率偏低的主要原因.在此基础上,对影响我国粮食生产技术效率变化的因素进行理论分析和实证检验.研究发现,以直接补贴为主的农业财政支出政策对BC和M技术效率提高作用明显,且影响效果最强.粮食生产技术的推广与普及、粮食生产的规模化和专业化对技术效率具有显著正向影响,但市场机制的影响效果并没有显现出来.     

Regioselective replacement of nitro groups in 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene under the action of alkanethiols. Synthesis of ortho-(alkylthio)-substituted nitrotoluenes and their oxidation to sulfoxides and sulfones

The reactions of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with alkanethiols in the presence of K₂CO₃ (the molar ratio of the reactants is 1 : 1 : 1) in dipolar aprotic solvents result in selective replacement of the ortho-nitro group to form 2-alkylthio-4,6-dinitrotoluenes, which can be oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides or sulfones. The second ortho-nitro group can be replaced under the action of one more equivalent of alkanethiol on sulfides as exemplified in PhCH₂SH.     

Cooperation between scientists and the government in the US: benefits and problems

This paper discusses the importance of maintaining close working relations between scientists and their government. Several examples of this cooperation in the U.S. are presented to illustrate the benefits, as well as problems, that result from such cooperation, or lack thereof. These examples include government support of scientific research, as well as contributions by science to help governments understand both the possibilities and the limitations of science as they formulate national policy.     

外控弱周期电流约束下电极B-Z反应体系中的时间自组织

以经典BZ化学反应体系的三变量Oregonator模型及电极过程动力学为基础,提出了外控弱周期电极电流约束下电极BZ反应体系与体相BZ反应体系相互耦合的动力学模型.在体相处于稳定定态参数条件下,系统地研究了外控弱周期电流约束下电极BZ反应体系中的动力学行为,定量分析了电流慢变流型上的准定态稳定性及有利于出现极限环振荡区域.研究表明,与以前所报道的外控弱周期电位约束情况类似,在外控弱周期电流约束下电极BZ反应体系中的极限环振荡区域亦发生了蜕变,但体系对外控电流约束中的这种持续性之周期扰动的响应表现在两个方面:有利于出现极限环振荡区域的缩变及原非振荡区胁迫振荡的出现.     

小孔周期性泄流的实验与分析

通过对小孔泄流的周期性研究．发现泄流周期随着时间进程变化趋于增大，小孔的直径越大泄流周期越小,不相容的液体间不能形成小孔周期性泄流，并分析了有关现象．     

Nanoparticulate materials and regulatory policy in Europe: An analysis of stakeholder perspectives

The novel properties of nanoparticulate materials (NPM) and the rapid development of NPM based products have raised many unanswered questions and concerns by different stakeholders over its consequences for the environment and human health. These concerns have led to an increasing discussion in both the US and Europe about possible regulatory policies for NPM. In this article a comparative study of stakeholders’ perceptions on regulatory policy issues with NPM in Europe is presented. It was found that industry wants to regulate this area if the scientific evidence demonstrates that NPM are harmful, but also that the regulatory bodies do not find it necessary at this point of time to regulate until scientific evidence demonstrates that NPM are harmful. This research therefore shows that there will most likely not be any regulatory interventions until there is an established and convincing scientific knowledge base demonstrating that NPM can be hazardous. It is furthermore discussed in this article the different roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders in financing the research required to establish the necessary level of fundamental scientific evidence. It was also found that the activity of the regulatory bodies on this issue differ between the European countries.     

A two-level hedging point policy for controlling a manufacturing system with time-delay,demand uncertainty and extra capacity

This paper focuses on the production control of a manufacturing system with time-delay, demand uncertainty and extra capacity. Time-delay is a typical feature of networked manufacturing systems (NMS), because an NMS is composed of many manufacturing systems with transportation channels among them and the transportation of materials needs time. Besides this, for a manufacturing system in an NMS, the uncertainty of the demand from its downstream manufacturing system is considered; and it is assumed that there exist two-levels of demand rates, i.e., the normal one and the higher one, and that the time between the switching of demand rates are exponentially distributed. To avoid the backlog of demands, it is also assumed that extra production capacity can be used when the work-in-process (WIP) cannot buffer the high-level demands rate. For such a manufacturing system with time-delay, demand uncertainty and extra capacity, the mathematical model for its production control problem is established, with the objective of minimizing the mean costs for WIP inventory and occupation of extra production capacity. To solve the problem, a two-level hedging point policy is proposed. By analyzing the probability distribution of system states, optimal values of the two hedging levels are obtained. Finally, numerical experiments are done to verify the effectiveness of the control policy and the optimality of the hedging levels.