Mathematical Development and Verification of a Finite Volume Model for Morphodynamic Flow Applications

The accuracy and efficiency of a class of finite volume methods are investigated for numerical solution of morphodynamic problems in one space dimension. The governing equations consist of two components, namely a hydraulic part described by the shallow water equations and a sediment part described by the Exner equation. Based on different formulations of the morphodynamic equations, we propose a family of three finite volume methods. The numerical fluxes are reconstructed using a modified Roe's scheme that incorporates, in its reconstruction, the sign of the Jacobian matrix in the morphodynamic system. A well-balanced discretization is used for the treatment of the source terms. The method is well-balanced, non-oscillatory and suitable for both slow and rapid interactions between hydraulic flow and sediment transport. The obtained results for several morphodynamic problems are considered to be representative, and might be helpful for a fair rating of finite volume solution schemes, particularly in long time computations.     

Material transport in dip-pen nanolithography

Dip-pen na.nolithography （DPN） is a useful method for directly printing materials on surfaces with sub-50nm resolution. Because it, involves the physical transport of materials from a scanning probe tip to a surface and the subsequent chemical interaction of that material with the surface, there are many factors to consider when attempting to understand DPN. In this review, we overview the physical and chemical processes that are known to play a role in DPN, Through a detailed review of the literature, we classify inks into three general categories based on their transport properties, and highlight the myriad ways that. DPN can be used to perform chemistry at the tip of a scanning probe.     

Numerical modeling and simulation of PEM fuel cells: Progress and perspective

This paper provides a comprehensive review on the research and development in multi-scale numerical modeling and simulation of PEM fuel cells. An overview of recent progress in PEM fuel cell modeling has been provided. Fundamental transport phenomena in PEM fuel cells and the corresponding mathematical formulation of macroscale models are analyzed. Various important issues in PEM fuel cell modeling and simulation are examined in detail, including fluid flow and species transport, electron and proton transport, heat transfer and thermal management, liquid water transport and water management, transient response behaviors, and cold-start processes. Key areas for further improvements have also been discussed.     

风吹雪廓线的风洞实验研究

利用颗粒图像测速仪对新雪形成的风吹雪进行风洞实验研究, 给出了不同高度处雪粒粒径分布函数以及平均粒径廓线、雪粒数通量廓线的分布规律. 发现当摩阻风速大于0.5 m/s 时单宽输雪率与摩阻风速满足指数函数的关系, 小于0.5 m/s 时两者满足幂函数的关系, 总体而言, 单宽输雪率与摩阻风速呈线性关系.     

常规公交线网运力配置双层规划模型

双层规划研究的是两个各具有目标函数的决策者之间按有序的和非合作方式进行的相互作用,上层决策者优先作出决策,下层决策者在上层决策信息下按自己的利益作出反应,由于一方的行为影响另一方的策略选择和目标的实现,并且任何一方又不能完全控制另一方的选择行为,因此上层决策者要根据下层的反应做出符合自身利益的最终决策。而公交车辆配置正符合双层规划模型的思想,所以本论文采用双层规划模型来描述车辆配置与客流量之间的相互作用,从而优化公交线网的车辆配置。     

Angiostatin抑制转移性肿瘤血液灌注和间质液输运的数值模拟

数值研究抗血管生成因子Angiostatin对转移性肿瘤微循环内血液灌注和间质液输运的抑制效应.肿瘤微血管网生成数学模型包括angiostatin的抑制效应、促血管生成因子的趋化效应和内皮细胞自身的扩散效应,血液灌注、间质液输运和跨壁流体交换分别采用Poiseuille、Darcy和Starling定律来描述.结果表明:angiostatin能抑制转移性肿瘤内外微血管网的生长速率、毛细血管芽的分叉、融合与增殖;进一步angiostatin可改善转移性肿瘤微环境内血液灌注和间质液输运的特性,从而增加微血管内外流体对流和物质交换的能力,降低肿瘤内药物输运困难,结果与实验相符,可为临床抗血管生成治疗肿瘤提供有益信息.     

多维梯度折射率介质内辐射传递的扩散近似

推导多维梯度折射率介质内稳态辐射传递的扩散近似方程.使用有限元法对扩散近似进行离散和求解,利用两个二维半透明介质的稳态辐射传递问题验证该扩散近似的精度及适用性.算例考虑介质为均匀折射率及梯度折射率两种情况.利用扩散近似分别求解辐射平衡时的边界热流、介质内温度场分布,并与辐射传递方程的求解结果进行对比分析.结果表明:介质折射率变化、散射特性、光学厚度及散射反照率均直接影响扩散近似的精度;在光学厚及强散射条件下,该扩散近似可以作为一种快速算法应用于梯度折射率介质稳态辐射传递的求解.     

Photovoltaic Performance of Triphenylamine Dyes-sensitized Solar Cells Employing Cobalt Redox Shuttle and Influence of π-conjugated Spacers

Developing photosensitizers suitable for the cobalt electrolyte and understanding the structure-property relationship of organic dyes is warranted for the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The DSSCs incorporating tris(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(II/III)-based redox elec-trolyte and four synthesized organic dyes as photosensitizers are described. The photovoltaic performance of these dyes-sensitized solar cells employing the cobalt redox shuttle and the influences of the π-conjugated spacers of organic dyes upon the photovoltage and photocur-rent of mesoscopic titania solar cells are investigated. It is found that organic dyes with thiophene derivates as linkers are suitable for DSSCs employing cobalt electrolytes. DSSCs sensitized with the as-synthesized dyes in combination with the cobalt redox shuttle yield an overall power conversion efficiency of 6.1% under 100 mW/cm² AM1.5 G illumination.     

Measurement accuracy analysis of the free carrier absorption determination of the electronic transport properties of silicon wafers

By introducing the random and systematic errors in simulated data computed from conventional frequency-scan and laterally resolved modulated free carrier absorption theory models, we investigate the relative determination sensitivities of three electronic transport properties, namely, carrier lifetime, carrier diffusivity and front surface recombination velocity of silicon wafers determined by frequency-scan and laterally resolved techniques. The phase and amplitude data with random errors as functions of the modulation frequency at zero pump-probe-beam separation or of the two-beam separation at four different modulation frequencies are simultaneously fitted to an appreciated carrier diffusion model to extract three transport parameters. The statistical results and fitted accuracies of the transport parameter determined by both techniques are theoretically analysed. Corresponding experimental results are carried out to compare to the simulated results. The simulated and experimental results show that the determination of the transport properties of silicon wafers by the laterally resolved technique are more accurate, as compared with that by the frequency-scan technique.     

Highly Efficient Organic Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Re(I) Complexes

High response organic ultraviolet photodetectors(UV-PDs) were demonstrated with 4,4',4'- tris[3-methyl-pheny(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine(m-MTDATA) and two Re(I) complexes, (bathocuproine)- Re(CO)₃Cl(Re-BCP) and (bathophenanthroline)Re(CO)₃Cl(Re-Bphen) to act as the electron donor and acceptor, respectively. UV-PDs have the configuration of indium tin oxide(ITO)/m-MTDATA(25 nm)/m-MTDATA:Re-complex (25―35 nm)/Re-complex(20 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(200 nm) with different blend layer thicknesses of 25, 30 and 35 nm. The optimized PD based on Re-Bphen offers a corrected-dark photocurrent up to 760 μA/cm² at ?10 V, corresponding to a response of 310 mA/W which is among the best values reported for organic UV-PDs. Excellent electron transport ability makes for such high photo-to-electron conversion.