Weighted averaged equations for modeling velocity profiles of 1D steady open channel flows

A new mathematical algorithm is proposed to address the essential details of vertical distributions of horizontal velocity for one‐dimensional steady open‐channel flow. This new algorithm comprises a system of weighted averaged equations developed from corresponding Reynolds equations by performing weighted average operations instead of conventional depth average operations. It is the system of weighted averaged equations, instead of the vertical grids, that allows for more hydraulic coefficients identifiable. It can be thought of as an extension of the St. Venant equations to address the vertical distributions of horizontal velocities, as well as the water surface profiles. To avoid the difficult expansion of governing partial differential equations in high order, an indirect scheme is proposed to solve hydraulic variables through their weighted average values. The governing partial differential equations are generated by using a variety of weight functions, and the weighted averages of relevant hydraulic variables are taken as the unknown independent variables to be solved first. Then, on the basis of the values and polynomial expansions of these weighted averaged velocities, a system of linear algebraic equations is generated and the unknown hydraulic variables or their coefficients are easily solved. Note that the new model is not proposed to compete with any three‐dimensional models in modeling accuracy or accommodation ability to all conditions. It just provides a valuable option to study the vertical structure of flow in open channels where only essential detail and reasonable accuracy of vertical distributions are required, and the data availability and other conditions limit the application of fully three‐dimensional models. The performance of the model is evaluated with experimental data of flows in two different flumes. It is shown that the model well predicted the velocity profiles of sections along the centerlines of these flumes with reasonable accuracy and essential details of vertical distributions of horizontal velocity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

时间测度上具有时滞基于半比率的捕食者-食饵扩散系统的周期解

在时间测度上研究一类具有时滞和基于半比率且有功能性反应的两种群捕食者-食饵扩散系统,利用Mawhin重合度理论建立了这类系统的周期解存在的一个充分性判据.从而使这一类系统的连续与离散情形即相应的微分方程和差分方程的周期解存在性问题得到了统一研究.     

Vacuum condensates of QCD

We study the properties of QCD vacuum state in this paper. The values of various local quark vacuum condensates, quark-gluon mixed vacuum condensates, and the structure of non-local quark vacuum condensate are predicted by the solution of Dyson-Schwinger Equations in "rainbow" approximation with three sets of different parameters for effective gluon propagator. The light quark virtuality is also obtained in a consistent way. Our all theoretical results here are in good agreement with the empirical values used widely in literature and many other theoretical calculations.     

Fixed points and exponential stability of mild solutions of stochastic partial differential equations with delays

The fixed-point theory is first used to consider the stability for stochastic partial differential equations with delays. Some conditions for the exponential stability in pth mean as well as in sample path of mild solutions are given. These conditions do not require the monotone decreasing behavior of the delays, which is necessary in [T. Caraballo, K. Liu, Exponential stability of mild solutions of stochastic partial differential equations with delays, Stoch. Anal. Appl. 17 (1999) 743-763; Ruhollan Jahanipur, Stability of stochastic delay evolution equations with monotone nonlinearity, Stoch. Anal. Appl. 21 (2003) 161-181]. Even in this special case, our results also improve the results in [T. Caraballo, K. Liu, Exponential stability of mild solutions of stochastic partial differential equations with delays, Stoch. Anal. Appl. 17 (1999) 743-763].     

Symmetry reductions and exact solutions of the affine heat equation

Lie symmetry group method is applied to study the affine heat equation for surface. Its symmetry groups and corresponding optimal systems are determined, and group-invariant solutions associated to the symmetries are obtained and classified.     

A novel system for the synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes using aqueous ammonia and sodium dichloroiodate

A simple and mild method for the conversion of varieties of aldehydes to the corresponding nitriles using aqueous ammonia and aqueous sodium dichloroiodate reagent at room temperature is discussed. Advantages of this system are short reaction time, easy work-up and moderate to good yields.     

On a sub-supersolution method for the prescribed mean curvature problem

The paper is about a sub-supersolution method for the prescribed mean curvature problem. We formulate the problem as a variational inequality and propose appropriate concepts of sub-and supersolutions for such inequality. Existence and enclosure results for solutions and extremal solutions between sub-and supersolutions are established.     

三阶两点边值问题变号解的多重性

主要研究一类三阶两点边值问题变号解的存在性和多重性,利用不动点指数和拓扑度理论等得到了新的结论.     

Quadrature methods for highly oscillatory linear and nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations: part I

This work presents methods of efficient numerical approximation for linear and nonlinear systems of highly oscillatory ordinary differential equations. We show how an appropriate choice of quadrature rule improves the accuracy of approximation as the frequency of oscillation grows. We present asymptotic and Filon-type methods to solve highly oscillatory linear systems of ODEs, and WRF method, representing a special combination of Filon-type methods and waveform relaxation methods, for nonlinear systems. Numerical examples support this paper. Dedicated to the memory of Rudolf Khanamiryan. AMS subject classification (2000)  65L05, 34E05, 34C15     

A new auxiliary function method for solving the generalized coupled Hirota–Satsuma KdV system

In this letter, a new auxiliary function method is presented for constructing exact travelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. The main idea of this method is to take full advantage of the solutions of the elliptic equation to construct exact travelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. More new exact travelling wave solutions are obtained for the generalized coupled Hirota–Satsuma KdV system.