Derivation of baroclinic Ertel–Rossby invariant-based thermally-coupled vorticity equation in moist flow

For the potential vorticity （PV） invariant, there is a PV-based complete-form vorticity equation, which we use heuris- tically in the present paper to answer the following question： for the Ertel-Rossby invariant （ERI）, is there a corresponding vorticity tendency equation？ Such an ERI-based thermally-coupled vorticity equation is derived and discussed in detail in this study. From the obtained new vorticity equation, the vertical vorticity change is constrained by the vertical velocity term, the term associated with the slope of the generalized momentum surface, the term related to the horizontal vorticity change, and the baroclinic or solenoid term. It explicitly includes both the dynamical and thermodynamic factors＇ influence on the vorticity change. For the ERI itself, besides the traditional PV term, the ERI also includes the moisture factor, which is excluded in dry ERI, and the term related to the gradients of pressure, kinetic energy, and potential energy that reflects the fast-manifold property. Therefore, it is more complete to describe the fast motions off the slow manifold for severe weather than the PV term. These advantages are naturally handed on and inherited by the ERI-based thermally-coupled vorticity equation. Then the ERI-based thermally-coupled vorticity equation is further transformed and compared with the traditional vorticity equation. The main difference between the two equations is the term which describes the contribution of the solenoid term to the vertical vorticity development. In a barotropic flow, the solenoid term disappears, then the ERI-based thermally-coupled vorticity equation can regress to the traditional vorticity equation.     

高斯光束非线性“热像”效应研究

高功率激光系统中非线性“热像”强度可能达到光学元件损伤阀值，从而对系统的安全运行造成威胁.以往的非线性“热像”现象研究都是基于无限大平面光波背景，但实际系统中传输的是有限束宽光束.本文以高斯光束为例，基于无像差自聚焦理论分析了有限束宽光束的“热像”形成规律.结果表明，高斯光束“热像”的强度与位置在光束腰斑较小时与平面光波情况有明显不同，但光束腰斑较衍射物大得多时，高斯光束可以近似当作平面光波处理.     

Changes in the Effective Parameters of Averaged Motion in Nonlinear Systems Subject to Noise

We discuss how the effective parameters characterising averaged motion in nonlinear systems are affected by noise (random fluctuations). In this approach to stochastic dynamics, the stochastic system is replaced by its deterministic equivalent but with noise-dependent parameters. We show that it can help to resolve certain paradoxes and that it has a utility extending far beyond its usual application in passing from the microscopic equations of motion to the macroscopic ones. As illustrative examples, we consider the diode-capacitor circuit, a Brownian ratchet, and a generic stochastic resonance system. In the latter two cases we calculate for the first time their effective parameters of averaged motion as functions of noise intensity. We speculate that many other stochastic problems can be treated in a similar way. PACS: 05.10.Gg, 05.40.-a, 05.40.Jc     

非线性耗散对亚稳态系统量子衰变速率的影响

发展了一种快速傅里叶变换路径积分方法，研究非线性耗散系统的量子衰变速率，得到了Bounce轨道的作用量S_B，即衰变速率的指数因子.在系统与环境存在非线性耦合f(x)=tanh［λ(x-x_b)］的情形下，发现其对衰变速率具有抑制作用.指数因子随温度T的关系不再满足S_B=a［1-b(T/T_c)²］法则；与通常的线性耗散情形相比，跨越温度T_c回升，即系统更早地进入穿透区域. 关键词： 量子衰变 非线性耦合 路径积分 快速傅里叶变换     

差分光学吸收光谱法研究卷烟主流烟气NO_2

利用差分光学吸收光谱(DOAS)仪对不同品牌卷烟主流烟气中的NO2进行连续、实时、在线测量,使用RM200型转盘式20孔道吸烟机,一次将20只卷烟顺序输送到吸烟转盘上,间隔3 S依次点火,并将卷烟烟气通入与之直接相连的总光程为31.5 m的怀特池,利用差分光学吸收光谱技术,町在6～7 min之内完成对整只卷烟的逐口测量.提高了测量结果的时间分辨率.抽吸开始时,怀特池气压被抽到5.2×104Pa,所有卷烟完成测量时,气压恢复到1.03×105Pa;抽吸结束后,怀特池中NO2的浓度在0.89 mg/m3和1.54 mg/m3之间.比较不同品牌的卷烟,主流烟气中NO2浓度有明显差别,特别是混和型卷烟比烤烟型高83%,该技术对卷烟烟气成分的快速检测提供了,一种简便的方法.     

电磁驱动45钢准等熵压缩的实验研究

在已有的众多准等熵加载技术中,磁驱动准等熵加载技术具有准等熵程度高、压力范围大、实验材料种类多、效费比高等特点。利用中物院流体物理研究所建成的磁驱动准等熵压缩和高速飞片实验装置CQ-1.5(最高加载压力为50GPa),成功开展了45钢的准等熵压缩实验,对装置的主要参数进行了介绍;利用激光干涉测试系统DPS获得了45钢飞片的自由面速度历史,通过反积分处理给出了材料准等熵压缩的p-V关系。通过分析实验数据,获得了45钢3种形式的等熵方程的参数。实验获得的最高等熵压力为47.5GPa。     

基于InGaN/GaN多量子阱双波长发光二极管生长及发光性能

差分吸收激光雷达测量臭氧浓度过程中,云层信号会造成对流层臭氧浓度剧烈的抖动,带来了很大的测量误差.本文提出了一种云消除算法,该算法通过插值云层高度区域内的臭氧浓度,有效消除了对流层臭氧浓度的剧烈抖动.通过阐述其理论基础,给出了其算法关键点,即云信号的识别和云高度的精确定位.根据云层消光系数的特点,通过设定气溶胶消光系数阈值获取云层高度信息,利用累加平均有效减少噪音造成的测量误差.结果表明,在精确确定云高、云底的基础上,运用线性插值算法对臭氧测量结果进行修正,可以有效克服云层对测量结果造成的急剧起伏.     

图像的微分处理与相关识别

介绍了小波图像微分原理,并对图像的微分处理与相关识别进行了实验分析和研究。实验结果表明,对图像进行小波微分预处理后,可以有效地减少图像中的低频成份,这就使图像相关运算更多地比较了图像的细节变化,增加了相关图像的信息量,可以有效地提高图像的识别能力。     

无穷积分余项与其被积函数比值的收敛阶

对一类函数的无穷积分余项与该函数的比值得到当x趋于无穷大时的收敛阶,这类函数是幂函数与指数函数的乘积函数,并将其应用到Mittag-Leffler函数.同时考虑了对应的级数情形.     

离子通道电子束回旋脉塞的等离子体波效应

研究了离子通道回旋电子束脉塞（ICECM）中的等离子体波非线性效应。利用流体理论与自洽非线性理论方法对ICECM中等离子体波效应的微观机理进行了分析。研究发现,等离子体波加强了电子束的纵向群聚,束-波互作用的能量交换效率及系统增益得到明显提高。数值模拟计算表明,对于中等等离子体密度、1.5kA电流和1MV加速电压的电子束,系统能够获得的脉冲功率和频率分别为200MW和280GHz的毫米波束。