全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4628篇 |
免费 | 559篇 |
国内免费 | 240篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 388篇 |
晶体学 | 5篇 |
力学 | 462篇 |
综合类 | 73篇 |
数学 | 3721篇 |
物理学 | 778篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 52篇 |
2022年 | 114篇 |
2021年 | 130篇 |
2020年 | 137篇 |
2019年 | 118篇 |
2018年 | 125篇 |
2017年 | 167篇 |
2016年 | 200篇 |
2015年 | 127篇 |
2014年 | 211篇 |
2013年 | 350篇 |
2012年 | 229篇 |
2011年 | 230篇 |
2010年 | 176篇 |
2009年 | 219篇 |
2008年 | 284篇 |
2007年 | 233篇 |
2006年 | 242篇 |
2005年 | 211篇 |
2004年 | 175篇 |
2003年 | 181篇 |
2002年 | 167篇 |
2001年 | 152篇 |
2000年 | 149篇 |
1999年 | 138篇 |
1998年 | 106篇 |
1997年 | 86篇 |
1996年 | 70篇 |
1995年 | 86篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 38篇 |
1992年 | 44篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 30篇 |
1988年 | 35篇 |
1987年 | 29篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 26篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 30篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 24篇 |
1976年 | 18篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有5427条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
LYNDA D. RODWELL EDWARD B. BARBIER CALLUM M. ROBERTS TIM R. McCLANAHAN 《Natural Resource Modeling》2002,15(4):453-486
ABSTRACT. The excessive and unsustainable exploitation of our marine resources has led to the promotion of marine reserves as a fisheries management tool. Marine reserves, areas in which fishing is restricted or prohibited, can offer opportunities for the recovery of exploited stock and fishery enhancement. In this paper we examine the contribution of fully protected tropical marine reserves to fishery enhancement by modeling marine reserve‐fishery linkages. The consequences of reserve establishment on the long‐run equilibrium fish biomass and fishery catch levels are evaluated. In contrast to earlier models this study highlights the roles of both adult (and juvenile) fish migration and larval dispersal between the reserve and fishing grounds by employing a spawner‐recruit model. Uniform larval dispersal, uniform larval retention and complete larval retention combined with zero, moderate and high fish migration scenarios are analyzed in turn. The numerical simulations are based on Mombasa Marine National Park, Kenya, a fully protected coral reef marine reserve comprising approximately 30% of former fishing grounds. Simulation results suggest that the establishment of a fully protected marine reserve will always lead to an increase in total fish biomass. If the fishery is moderately to heavily exploited, total fishery catch will be greater with the reserve in all scenarios of fish and larval movement. If the fishery faces low levels of exploitation, catches can be optimized without a reserve but with controlled fishing effort. With high fish migration from the reserve, catches are optimized with the reserve. The optimal area of the marine reserve depends on the exploitation rate in the neighboring fishing grounds. For example, if exploitation is maintained at 40%, the ‘optimal’ reserve size would be 10%. If the rate increases to 50%, then the reserve needs to be 30% of the management area in order to maximize catches. However, even in lower exploitation fisheries (below 40%), a small reserve (up to 20%) provides significantly higher gains in fish biomass than losses in catch. Marine reserves are a valuable fisheries management tool. To achieve maximum fishery benefits they should be complemented by fishing effort controls. 相似文献
12.
A (w,r) cover‐free family is a family of subsets of a finite set such that no intersection of w members of the family is covered by a union of r others. A (w,r) superimposed code is the incidence matrix of such a family. Such a family also arises in cryptography as the concept of key distribution pattern. In the present paper, we give some new results on superimposed codes. First we construct superimposed codes from super‐simple designs which give us results better than superimposed codes constructed by other known methods. Next we prove the uniqueness of the (1,2) superimposed code of size 9 × 12, the (2,2) superimposed code of size 14 × 8, and the (2,3) superimposed code of size 30 × 10. Finally, we improve numerical values of upper bounds for the asymptotic rate of some (w,r) superimposed codes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
13.
14.
矩阵方程AXB=D的最小二乘Hermite解及其加权最佳逼近 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本中,我们讨论了矩阵方程AXB=D的最小二乘Hermite解,通过运用广义奇异值分解(GSVD),获得了解的通式。此外,对于给定矩阵F,也得到了它的加权最佳逼近表达式。 相似文献
15.
16.
带有回报计划的动态客户关系管理模型及实验应用分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在客户最大化效用及公司最大化CLV的动态环境下。对所提的带有回报计划的动态客户关系管理模型用于某超市的客户数据库中,发现模型的结果对这类客户是适用的。并给出了不同的客户状态空间对应的有效营销组合策略。结果表明:合适的回报计划可以促进客户的购买、提高公司的利润及缓解价格竞争。回报极限应该比客户的平均购买水平偏高,回报率应该与回报极限的改变方向一致。计划的时间范围应定在一年左右比较合适。对于累积购买水平较高的客户一般不邮寄商品信息。在回报计划的初期与末期不用打折。中期对那些购买次数很少的客户可以实行相应的降价策略。 相似文献
17.
资源有限的加权总完工时间单机排序问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本讨论资源有限的加权总工时间单机排序问题,对现在仍为OPEN问题1|pj=bj-ajuj,∑uj≤U|∑wjCj给出了一个有关最优解中最优资源分配的重要性质,并利用该性质分别给出了三种情况bj=b,wj=w,aj=a;bj=b,wj=w,uj=u;aj=a,wj=w,uj=u的最优算法。 相似文献
18.
This paper derives the optimal trajectories in a general fluid network with server control. The stationary optimal policy in the complete state space is constructed. The optimal policy is constant on polyhedral convex cones. An algorithm is derived that computes these cones and the optimal policy. Generalized Klimov indices are introduced, they are used for characterizing myopic and time-uniformly optimal policies.Received: November 2004 / Revised: February 2005The research of this author has been supported by the project ‘‘Stochastic Networks’’ of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research NWO. 相似文献
19.
Burn‐in is a widely used method to improve the quality of products or systems after they have been produced. In this paper, we consider the problem of determining the optimal burn‐in time and optimal work size maximizing the long‐run average amount of work saved per time unit in the computer applications. Assuming that the underlying lifetime distribution of the computer has an initially decreasing or/and eventually increasing failure rate function, an upper bound for the optimal burn‐in time is derived for each fixed work size and a uniform (with respect to the burn‐in time) upper bound for the optimal work size is also obtained. Furthermore, it is shown that a non‐trivial lower bound for the optimal burn‐in time can be derived if the underlying lifetime distribution has a large initial failure rate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Based on the beam coherence-polarization (BCP) matrix, the polarization property of coherent and incoherent Gaussian beam combinations is studied in detail. The general expressions for the degree of polarization P of the resulting beam in case of incoherent and coherent combinations are derived. It is shown that P is dependent on the incoherent or coherent combination, propagation distance, separation, azimuth of the polarization plane and numbers of beamlets in general. The irradiance distribution of the resulting beam for the coherent cases depends on the azimuth of the polarization plane of beamlets. However, for the incoherent case it does not. 相似文献