中国基层社会治理中的自治、法治与德治

基层社会治理中自治、法治与德治是可以结合而且必须结合的。自治是法治与德治的基础,法治是自治与德治的边界和保障,德治是较高追求,德治以自治与法治为基石,并对自治与法治形成有力补充。“三治”各有侧重,有优先次序,但更需要同时发力、交织前进,以能发挥“三治”结合的“乘数效应”。“三治”结合并非自治、法治与德治的简单相加和组合,而要把它视作一个有机整体。这要求“三治”建设在组织架构上坚持整体论,摒弃还原论;在治理边界上处理好政府统筹和基层社会探索之间的紧张关系,发挥政府助长和能促作用;在治理载体上因地制宜、自主探索,寻找彰显自治活力、法治精神和德治正气的有效载体。同时,还要发挥社会力量的“点睛”作用,将这些要素激活,使社会运转起来。     

哈密顿系统正则变换在时变最优控制中的应用

利用哈密顿系统正则变换和生成函数理论求解线性时变最优控制问题,构造了新的最优控制律形式并提出了控制增益计算的保结构算法. 利用生成函数求解最优控制导出的哈密顿系统两端边值问题,并构造线性时变系统的最优控制律,由第2类生成函数所构造的最优控制律避免了末端时刻出现无穷大反馈增益. 控制系统设计中需求解生成函数满足的时变矩阵微分方程组. 根据生成函数与哈密顿系统状态转移矩阵之间的关系,从正则变换的辛矩阵描述出发,导出了求解这组微分方程组的保结构递推算法.为了保持递推计算中的辛矩阵结构,哈密顿系统状态转移矩阵的计算中利用了Magnus级数.      

Scheme to Implement Optimal Asymmetric Economical Phase-Covariant Quantum Cloning in Cavity QED

We propose an experimentally feasible scheme to implement the optimal asymmetric economical 1→2 phase-covariant quantum cloning in two dimensions based on the cavity QED technique. The protocol is very simple and only two atoms are required. Our scheme is insensitive to the cavity field states and cavity decay. During the processes, the cavity is only virtually excited and it thus greatly prolongs the efficient decoherent time. Therefore, it may be realized in experiment.     

法理学对中国哲学社会科学体系构建的意义

全面推进法治中国建设需要哲学社会科学提供系统的理论支持。然而,在中国哲学社会科学体系建构中,缺乏对法治命题的基础研究;塑造法治之理的法理学并没有登场,至少没有把理论体系建构的主要使命与法治现代化联系起来。社会转型的基本目标是实现法治中国。法治中国建设需要包括法学在内的哲学社会科学体系为其提供理论支持,价值、认识和方法论的指引。以推进法治实现为己任的法理学,应该成为中国哲学社会科学体系的关键一环。中国哲学社会科学体系建构,需要关注、论证、塑造法治之理;超越简单的中西、古今等结合论;在区分认识论与方法论基础上,为中国法学话语体系建构提供理论支撑。     

缔造社会主义的中华民族大家庭—新中国民族区域自治制度的奠基历程

回溯《共同纲领》中所宣示的民族区域自治制度的制度要义以及这一制度的奠基历程,可以发现：社会主义,是民族区域自治制度的本质属性;巩固中华民族大家庭,是民族区域自治制度的制度依归。民族区域自治制度,强调的是广大少数民族群众当家作主、自主管理本民族内部事务的人民性;平等,作为社会主义的天然要求,是少数民族公民当家作主、行使自治权的前提;新中国在少数民族地区进行的宗教改革,实现了政教分离和社会主义政治法律体系的统一;民族区域自治制度,旨在建立亲密合作、团结互助的社会主义新型民族关系;因此,社会主义,是民族区域自治制度区别于中国古代羁縻制度的质的规定性所在;理解民族区域自治制度,必须把握好其社会主义的本质属性。民族区域自治制度,以缔造、巩固“中华民族大家庭”为制度依归,强调大家庭成员的团结统一、不可分离;在民族区域自治制度的奠基历程中,贯彻了社会主义大家庭的政治伦理,坚持深入基层、凝聚人心的群众路线,各族人民共同发展、共同建设社会主义现代化国家,在具体民族事务处理方面,则秉着商量办事、综合权衡的大家庭式处理方式。     

Tafel slopes from first principles

Tafel slopes for multistep electrochemical reactions are derived from first principles. The derivation takes place in two stages. First, Dirac’s perturbation theory is used to solve the Schrödinger equation. Second, current–voltage curves are obtained by integrating the single-state results over the full density of states in electrolyte solutions. Thermal equilibrium is assumed throughout. Somewhat surprisingly, it is found that the symmetry factor that appears in the Butler–Volmer equation is different from the symmetry factor that appears in electron transfer theory, and a conversion formula is given. Finally, the Tafel slopes are compiled in a convenient look-up table.     

Optimal Energy-Storage Configuration for Microgrids Based on SOH Estimation and Deep Q-Network

Energy storage is an important adjustment method to improve the economy and reliability of a power system. Due to the complexity of the coupling relationship of elements such as the power source, load, and energy storage in the microgrid, there are problems of insufficient performance in terms of economic operation and efficient dispatching. In view of this, this paper proposes an energy storage configuration optimization model based on reinforcement learning and battery state of health assessment. Firstly, a quantitative assessment of battery health life loss based on deep learning was performed. Secondly, on the basis of considering comprehensive energy complementarity, a two-layer optimal configuration model was designed to optimize the capacity configuration and dispatch operation. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method in microgrid energy storage planning and operation was verified by experimentation. By integrating reinforcement learning and traditional optimization methods, the proposed method did not rely on the accurate prediction of the power supply and load and can make decisions based only on the real-time information of the microgrid. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method and existing methods were analyzed, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of dynamic planning for energy storage in microgrids.     

Three-Way Decision Models Based on Ideal Relations in Multi-Attribute Decision-Making

In recent years, research on applications of three-way decision (e.g., TWD) has attracted the attention of many scholars. In this paper, we combine TWD with multi-attribute decision-making (MADM). First, we utilize the essential idea of TOPSIS in MADM theory to propose a pair of new ideal relation models based on TWD, namely, the three-way ideal superiority model and the three-way ideal inferiority model. Second, in order to reduce errors caused by the subjectivity of decision-makers, we develop two new methods to calculate the state sets for the two proposed ideal relation models. Third, we employ aggregate relative loss functions to calculate the thresholds of each object, divide all objects into three different territories and sort all objects. Then, we use a concrete example of building appearance selection to verify the rationality and feasibility of our proposed models. Furthermore, we apply comparative analysis, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis and experiment analysis to illustrate the consistency and superiority of our methods.     

The Optimal Error Estimate of the Fully Discrete Locally Stabilized Finite Volume Method for the Non-Stationary Navier-Stokes Problem

This paper proves the optimal estimations of a low-order spatial-temporal fully discrete method for the non-stationary Navier-Stokes Problem. In this paper, the semi-implicit scheme based on Euler method is adopted for time discretization, while the special finite volume scheme is adopted for space discretization. Specifically, the spatial discretization adopts the traditional triangle P1−P0 trial function pair, combined with macro element form to ensure local stability. The theoretical analysis results show that under certain conditions, the full discretization proposed here has the characteristics of local stability, and we can indeed obtain the optimal theoretic and numerical order error estimation of velocity and pressure. This helps to enrich the corresponding theoretical results.     

ACTIVE CONTROL OF A FLEXIBLE CANTILEVER PLATE WITH MULTIPLE TIME DELAYS

Active control of a flexible cantilever plate with multiple time delays is investigated using the discrete optimal control method. A controller with multiple time delays is presented. In this controller, time delay effect is incorporated in the mathematical model of the dynamic system throughout the control design and no approximations and assumptions are made in the controller derivation, so the system stability is easily guaranteed. Furthermore, this controller is available for both small time delays and large time delays. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed controller are verified through numerical simulations in the end of this paper.