LiCl、CaCl_2和NaCl-CaCl_2水溶液体系低温相变过程的X射线衍射法研究

本文使用低温X射线衍射法对不同浓度的LiCl、CaCl2和NaCl-CaCl2水溶液在降温过程中的相变情况进行了实时监测,获得了降温过程中的衍射图。结果显示,在快速降温的实验条件下,随温度降低,CaCl2溶液在-10～-60℃范围内析出冰或CaCl2·6H2O;LiCl溶液在5～-80℃范围内析出冰或LiCl·H2O;CaCl2-NaCl溶液在5～-40℃范围内析出CaCl2·6H2O或NaCl、冰。实验结果与相图的对比验证了这一实验方法的可行性。根据实验结果推断,本实验条件下固相可能先以无水盐的形式析出,而水合盐的形成则需要更长的平衡时间。本文的实验方法可为其他油田卤水子体系低温相平衡的研究提供有用信息,进而为油田水低温下结晶析盐规律的研究奠定基础。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定油田水中短链有机酸

The evaporation of water phase has been used to remove a vast amount of inorganic salts and interferingorganic components. The distillate concentrated by rotary evaporator was directly analyzed by means of wide-bore capillary GC column, The coefficients of variation for C_2～C_5 organic acids were 1.9～6.4%. The recov-eries of the acids in the oilfield water were 81.0～106%.     

Study on the Methods for Removing Sulfide Ion and Sulfate Radical from the Oilfield Sewage

Sulfide ion can reduce the viscosity of polymer solution. The higher the concentration of sulfide ion is, the greater the effect of viscosity on polymer is, and it directly affects oil recovery rate. Some methods for removing sulfide were studied by adding the oxidizing substances. Each method had certain effect on removing sulfide. The addition of hydrogenperoxide in the solution makes it faster to remove sulfide than flowing air in it, although the removal of sulfide is still not complete. This removal is quick when ozone takes part in, and it will spend much time with the increased volume of solution. The extent of removing sulfide was mainly related to the oxidability of removed substances. The stronger the oxidability of oxidizing substances was, the better the performance for sulfide removing was. In addition, part of sulfate radical in oilfield sewage could be removed by nanofiltration membrane. Removal efficiency of sulfate radical is about 50%. The probability may be avoided that sulfate radical was reduced into sulfide by the sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) in sewage. This method could radically reduce the presence of the reduction of sulfur in sewage, and it can reduce the corrosion of underground oil pipeline.     

污油泥调剖剂的研究与性能评价

通过分析油田产出含油污泥组分和粒径,确定以含油污泥为主要原材料,添加适当化学药剂和固相颗粒得到一种新型含油污泥调剖剂.合理配方(质量分数)为:污油泥50%+悬浮剂0.2%～0.3%+乳化剂0.3%～0.4%+膨润土8%+水,固含量大于15.65%,调剖剂体系稳定,不产生分层现象.岩心实验表明,当孔喉与颗粒粒径之比在9.0～12.0时,调剖剂可以顺利进入岩心,实现稳态注入,当固相颗粒加入量大于8%时,岩心封堵率可达94%.该技术有助于解决含油污泥外排造成的环境污染问题,为油田综合治理、降低生产成本提供了一项新措施.     

识别非均质油田无效注采井和层的数学模型

多层砂岩油藏注水开发后期,在油水井之间形成了储层高渗透通道,导致注入水沿高渗透通道做无效循环,油井产量下降.为改善注入水驱油效果,必须对无效注采井层实施调剖、堵水等措施,而有效识别无效注采井层是解决问题的关键.优选出了识别无效注采油水井和无效注采层位的判定指标,并建立了用于识别无效注采油水井和无效注采层位的模糊综合评判数学模型.     

油田产量构成的多阶段多目标优化

为了确保中后期原油稳产,如何将油田总产量合理细分到各采油厂成为油田开发规划面临的重要问题.建立了油田产量构成的多阶段多目标优化模型,将油田总产量按照产量构成的类型分配给各分项产量,进一步将各分项产量分配到各采油厂.结果表明,通过多阶段优化,在确保油田总产量稳定提高的同时,油田的总成本在两个阶段都有所下降,油田效益提高;此外,油田总产量目标被细分到了各采油厂的各分项产量,为油田决策者下达具体的产量指标提供了依据,以便油厂根据自身实际优化开发指标,完成油田下达的产量任务.     

一种提高凝灰质储层渗透率解释精度的方法——以南贝尔油田为例

为有效解决凝灰质储层渗透率精细解释的问题,以南贝尔油田为例,利用取心井岩心分析孔隙度、渗透率资料,利用流动单元指数FZI值进行流动单元划分,并建立了各类流动单元的渗透率精细解释模型。将优选反映储层变化的测井变量及运用判别分析法建立流动单元的判别方程应用于非取心井段。结果表明,分流动单元计算的渗透率其模型解释精度明显提高,为凝灰质储层渗透率解释提供了一种新的有效方法。     

Using an Electrochemical MIP Sensor for Selective Determination of 1-Naphthol in Oilfield Produced Water

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor was successfully constructed on glassy carbon electrode for the determination of 1-naphthol (1-Nph). The sensor was constructed by electropolymerization on bare GCE in the presence of the target molecule. The recognition of 1-Nph was conducted indirectly using [Fe(CN)₆]^3−/4− as redox probe. The MIP sensor presented wide linear working range and limit of detection of 1.5×10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹. The MIP sensor was applied for the determination of 1-Nph in oilfield produced water. The results obtained showed good selectivity and sensitivity of the proposed sensor in terms of 1-Nph quantification.     

纵向非均质性对海上稠油油田水驱油开发效果的影响研究

为兼顾生产成本与开发效果,海上稠油油田开发大多采用多层合采,层内和层间的差异对水驱开发效果影响显著,针对纵向非均质严重的问题,基于不同渗透率级差、不同平均渗透率,建立了反韵律下9种非均质物理模型,研究层内和层间非均质性对海上稠油油田水驱开发效果的影响.研究结果表明:对于层内非均质模型,渗透率级差对开发效果影响更大,平均渗透率相近时,级差越大,层内非均质性越强,注入水沿高渗透层突进,油层下部驱替效果越差,采出程度越低;层内均质层间非均质时,级差越大采出程度越低,高渗层段注入水形成优势通道抑制低渗透层吸水,高渗透层最高采收率达77.4%,低渗层采收率可低至0.7%,使油层上下部驱替效果相差较大;层内和层间都非均质时,分层开采的开发效果好于多层合采,各层采收率变化幅度与分层开采时差异较大;利用综合影响因子表征层内和层间非均质性的综合影响,其值为0.08时对应采出程度为41.48%,综合影响因子越高,纵向非均质性越强,采出程度越低.     

Determination of sulfate and chloride ions in highly saline oilfield water by capillary electrophoresis using bilayer-coated capillaries and indirect absorption detection

Analysis of highly saline oilfield waters for anions presents challenges. Traditional analytical techniques used for such analysis tend to suffer from both poor sensitivity and selectivity due to the high concentrations of salt present in the samples. A capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chloride and sulfate anions which is relevant to the oilfield analysis industry and of economic value. Due to the extremely high concentrations of chloride in highly saline oilfield waters, it is difficult to achieve baseline electrophoretic separation necessary for accurate quantitation. By using a capillary with a noncovalently bound bilayer coating using Polybrene, a cationic polymer and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant and a buffer consisting of 50 mM TRIS, 30 mM SDS, 5% methanol and 26 mM chromium trioxide (CrO₃) at pH 6.7, baseline separation (R_s > 1.5) of chloride and sulfate was achieved. To mimic possible oilfield water samples, model water solutions of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% chloride containing low ppm sulfate were prepared and successfully analysed using the method developed. In addition, the method was applied to determine chloride and sulfate anions in highly saline oilfield water samples. The accuracy of the method developed was verified by analysing NIST certified standards of chloride and sulfate. The results obtained for chloride and sulfate with the indirect CE-UV method were in close agreement (94–100% accuracy; <2.5% relative standard deviations) with those of the certified standard analysed by ion chromatography.