测接触角法确定偶联剂的最佳用量

偶联剂是一类能在无机填料和聚合物基材之间形成“分子桥”、改善两者之间相容性或提高两者之间相互作用能力的化合物。将经偶联剂改性的无机填料填充到聚合物中可以制得成本低、性能好的复合材料。由于偶联剂用量多少将对复合材料的性能产生较大影响,因此建立一种准确、简便地确定偶联剂最佳用量的方法有着十分重要的理论和实际应用意义。     

Surface forces in foam films from ABA block copolymer: a dynamic method study

The thinning of foam films from aqueous solutions of an ABA triblock copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide (average molecular weight 14,000 g/mol) is studied experimentally. The dependence of the surface forces on film thickness is obtained by the dynamic method of Scheludko and Exerowa.The total surface force measured in foam films (radius 60–70 m) from 10^–5 M (0.014 wt%) polymer solution with 0.1 M NaCl is positive at thicknesses from about 800 down to 460 . The electrostatic repulsion is negligible while the contribution of van der Waals attraction is small (within 15%). Therefore a positive surface force component predominates. Most probably it arises from steric interactions between the hydrophilic polyethylene oxide tails of the polymer. The dynamic method appears to be a suitable technique for exploring the stabilization of foam films from ABA copolymers.     

Effects of polymer architecture and composition on the adhesion of poly(tetrafluoroethylene).

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate), PGMA, chains in linear and arborescent structures were incorporated onto surfaces of poly(tetrafluoroethylene), PTFE, films by hydrogen plasma and ozone treatment and atom transfer radical polymerization. The epoxide groups of the PGMA chains were further reacted with acetic acid (AAc), oxalic acid (XAc), allyl amine (AA), and ethylenediamine (EDN) to introduce hydroxyl and amine groups to the surfaces of the PTFE films. Surface characterizations performed by Fourier Transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the surface modification and the chemical structure. The PGMA chains in arborescent structures show a high effectiveness for the enhancement of the adhesion of PTFE films. The adhesion of PTFE films was also significantly enhanced by ring-opening reactions of the PGMA epoxide groups with acetic acid and amine compounds. A high value of 9.5 N cm(-1) in the optimum 180 degrees peel strength test was observed with PTFE/copper assemblies.     

Electrokinetic and contact angle measurements of grafted carbon fibers

 The grafting method that has successfully been applied to methacrylic acid and liquid crystalline monomers was expanded to prepare amphoteric carbon fiber surfaces using 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate as monomer. The obtained carbon fiber surfaces were characterized by contact angle and ζ-potential measurements. The expected basic behavior was not observed, instead an amphoteric character of the modified carbon fiber surface was found. The fiber surfaces display a basic character in the acidic pH-range, while they are acidic in the alkaline part of the pH-scale. An important influence is derived from the amount of initiator used to graft the monomers onto the fibers. The smaller the initiator concen-tration used during polymerization, the larger the amount of amino functionalities introduced to the carbon fiber surface. The wetting behavior versus water depends on the overall conformation of the immobilized polymer. During immersion into water the polymer acts hydrophobic, while during emersion, a hydrophilic character is observed, probably derived from conformational changes and swelling during the contact angle measure-ments in water. Received: 9 June 1998 Accepted: 13 August 1998     

Adsorption, diffusion and desorption of chlorine on and from rutile TiO2{110}: a theoretical investigation.

The adsorption, diffusion and desorption of chlorine on and from stoichiometric, reduced and partially reduced (defective) rutile TiO2{110} are investigated using ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Theoretical results are compared with experimental investigations, and microkinetic simulations based on DFT values are then used to verify the diffusion mechanisms assumed in the experimental investigations.     

Structural and electrochemical studies of annealed LiNiVO4 thin films

We prepared stoichiometric lithium nickel vanadate amorphous thin films by using r.f. magnetron sputtering under controlled oxygen partial pressure. The amorphous films were heated at various temperatures, 300–600 °C, for 8 h. The as‐deposited and annealed thin films were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, nuclear reaction analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical behavior of the various films was studied by the galvanostatic method. The cells were tested in a liquid electrolyte at room temperature, with lithium metal used as the counter and reference electrode. The best electrochemical storage value was obtained with the thin film annealed at 300 °C, which showed superior capacity and small capacity loss during cycling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水溶性聚合物和两亲聚合物:12.环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷无规共聚醚结构与性能的关系

来用连续加料法,以二元醇-KOH为引发剂合成一组不同组成的环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷无规共聚醚,并用核磁共振、红外光谱、示差扫描量热计和热失重等方法对其本体聚合物,用浊点和表面张力测定的方法对其水溶液,进行系统的表征。     

Changes in the physicochemical properties of transferrin upon chemical derivatization with ceramides

The interaction of native and derivatized transferrin with lecithin, cholesterol and their mixtures was studied using monomolecular layers of phospholipids. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters corresponding to these interactions: the mixing excess free energy, interaction energy, and interaction parameter were also calculated.The ability of these two proteins to insert into monolayers was studied working at constant area.The formation of aggregates or secondary structures in solution was determined by the fluorescence and polarization values of ANS (anilinonaphthalene sulfonate), measured at different protein/ANS relationships.Abbreviations TF Transferrin - DTF derivatized transferrin - PC lecithin - CHOL cholesterol - CER ceramides - ANS anilinonaphthalene sulfonate - TNBS trinitro benzenesulfonate method