Optimized transfer trajectories in the earth-moon system

Investigations of low energy transfer trajectories are important for both celestial mechanics and astronautics. Methodologies using the theories from dynamical systems are developed in recent years. This paper investigates the dynamics of the earth-moon system. Low energy transfer trajectories are solved numerically by employing a hybrid strategy： first, a genetic hide and seek method performs a search in large domain to confine the global minimum f（η） （objective function） region; then, a deterministic Nelder-Mead method is utilized to refine the minimum quickly. Some transfer trajectories of the spacecraft in the earth-moon system are successfully simulated which verify the desired efficiency and robustness of the method of this paper.     

Development of sound measurement systems for auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging

Auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) requires quantification of sound stimuli in the magnetic environment and adequate isolation of background noise. We report the development of two novel sound measurement systems that accurately measure the sound intensity inside the ear, which can simultaneously provide the similar or greater amount of scanner- noise protection than ear-muffs. First, we placed a 2.6 x 2.6-mm microphone in an insert phone that was connected to a headphone [microphone-integrated, foam-tipped insert-phone with a headphone (MIHP)]. This attenuated scanner noise by 37.8+/-4.6 dB, a level better than the reference amount obtained using earmuffs. The nonmetallic optical microphone was integrated with a headphone [optical microphone in a headphone (OMHP)] and it effectively detected the change of sound intensity caused by variable compression on the cushions of the headphone. Wearing the OMHP reduced the noise by 28.5+/-5.9 dB and did not affect echoplanar magnetic resonance images. We also performed an auditory fMRI study using the MIHP system and presented increase in the auditory cortical activation following 10-dB increment in the intensity of sound stimulation. These two newly developed sound measurement systems successfully achieved the accurate quantification of sound stimuli with maintaining the similar level of noise protection of wearing earmuffs in the auditory fMRI experiment.     

Nonlocal Symmetries to Systems of Nonlinear Diffusion Equations

In this paper, we study potential symmetries to certain systems of nonlinear diffusion equations. Thosesystems have physical applications in soil science, mathematical biology, and invariant curve flows in R^3. Lie point symmetries of the potential system, which cannot be projected to vector fields of the given dependent and independent variables, yield potential symmetries. The class of the system that admits potential symmetries is expanded.     

HL-2A装置ECRH水冷却系统的研制

研制了压强达0.6MPa总流量达94m3•h-1的HL-2A装置电子回旋共振加热水冷却系统,介绍了该系统的设计、水压控制和参数 测量。计算了水压降和高电压环境中水电阻,测得的回旋管阳极水回路中的漏电流小于1mA。     

求解Boltzmann模型方程的气体运动论大规模并行算法

研究各流域三维流动问题的Boltzmann模型方程计算方法,建立直接求解分子速度分布函数的气体运动论耦合迭代数值格式;基于变量依赖关系、数据通信与并行可扩展性分析,使用区域分解并行化方法,建立气体运动论数值算法并行方案,发展求解各流域三维绕流问题的气体运动论并行算法.拟定高低不同马赫数下来自不同流域的三维球体及返回舱绕流算例,进行高性能Fortran(HPF)大规模并行计算,将计算结果与有关实验数据、相关理论预测等进行比较分析,研究揭示不同流区复杂绕流现象及流动机理.研究表明,所发展的气体运动论并行算法具有很好的并行独立性,基本达到线性加速的并行效果,显示出良好的并行可扩展性.     

Nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck equations. Application to the chemotaxis of biological populations

We study a general class of nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck equations in relation with an effective generalized thermodynamical (E.G.T.) formalism. We show that these equations describe several physical systems such as: chemotaxis of bacterial populations, Bose-Einstein condensation in the canonical ensemble, porous media, generalized Cahn-Hilliard equations, Kuramoto model, BMF model, Burgers equation, Smoluchowski-Poisson system for self-gravitating Brownian particles, Debye-Hückel theory of electrolytes, two-dimensional turbulence... In particular, we show that nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck equations can provide generalized Keller-Segel models for the chemotaxis of biological populations. As an example, we introduce a new model of chemotaxis incorporating both effects of anomalous diffusion and exclusion principle (volume filling). Therefore, the notion of generalized thermodynamics can have applications for concrete physical systems. We also consider nonlinear mean field Fokker-Planck equations in phase space and show the passage from the generalized Kramers equation to the generalized Smoluchowski equation in a strong friction limit. Our formalism is simple and illustrated by several explicit examples corresponding to Boltzmann, Tsallis, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein entropies among others.     

利用一种偏振方法减小由强反射或弱反射强度引起的植被反演误差

无论是多角度遥感的发展、还是偏振、高光谱遥感的发展,它们有一个相同的目的,即利用电磁波的种种特性、以及空间特性来对地球表面的一切地物进行精确的识别。任何单一的方法和手段不可能完整地描述和反映地物的所有特征。偏振测量是目标测量识别技术中不可缺少的技术之一,并且成为近年来全世界目标识别领域中的研究热点。由于定量遥感的反射强度对植被遥感的影响不可忽视,反射辐射信号呈现饱和或过弱都不能被检测到。而偏振是植被定量遥感的重要手段,因而有必要开发一种克服由反射强度强弱引起的植被反演误差的方法,这也是我们目前的研究目标。如果反射的辐射信号太强或太弱,都会影响遥感的准确性,而来自植被的偏振光可以提供有用的信息,特别是当反射的辐射信号饱和时,使得传感器不能获得足够有用的非偏振信息。本研究采用基于地面的偏振成像光谱仪系统,开发了一种偏振方法来克服反射强度过强过弱引起的植被反演误差。利用FISS-P偏振成像光谱仪系统研究了反射强度对遥感植被NDVI和DoLP效用的影响,实验地点在北京市中国科学院奥林匹克科技园。在对目标采样时对反射率强,反射率弱以及反射率适中的植被分别测量,同时对目标植被的不同波段(470, 555, 670, 864 nm)的DoLP进行计算与分析。地基成像光谱仪系统(FISS-P)提供了具有偏振信息的高空间分辨率图像,我们可以确定在阴影和强反射区域中单个像素的光谱偏振特性。在成像光谱信息的基础上,利用光的偏振性来对地物的物理特性进行分析。本文使用斯托克斯分量来表征反射光的各个偏振分量,使用线偏振度(DoLP)表征反射光偏振程度。信号饱和度和阴影效应导致归一化植被指数(NDVI)植被密集程度非常低,造成严重的反演误差,然而强反射对线偏振度(DoLP)的影响不大。研究结果表明,反射辐射信号饱和时,偏振效应可以通过适当的频带提高植被的反演精度,平均NDVI的相对误差为33.8％,而DoLP(670 nm)的相对误差仅为6.3％,而其他波段的DoLP(555 nm,864 nm)的相对误差要大很多。这项研究结果表明,在植被识别时可以忽略强反射,然而,阴影(弱反射)效应是不容忽视的。FISS-P偏振成像光谱仪是用于计算具有不同反射强度的样品类型的偏振和非偏振参数的有效工具,同时发现在识别植被时,强烈的反射可以忽略不计,但是植被的阴影(弱反射)效应不容忽视。与非偏振方法相比,偏振效应可以提高反射辐射信号饱和时的植被反演精度。这项研究分析了使用偏振法强弱反射强度引起的误差减少。为了进一步揭示植被的阴影(弱反射)效应与DoLP之间的关系,还有一些问题需要解决。     

A fixed-point equation for the high-temperature phase of discrete lattice spin systems

A fixed-point equation on an infinite-dimensional space is proposed as an alternative to the usual definition of the infinite-volume limit in discrete lattice spin systems in the high-temperature phase. It is argued heuristically that the free energy and correlation functions one obtains by solving this equation agree with the usual definitions of these quantities. A theorem is then proved that says that if a certain finite-volume condition is satisfied, then this fixed-point equation has a solution and the resulting free energy is analytic in the parameters in the Hamiltonian. For particular values of the temperature this finite-volume condition may be checked with the help of a computer. The two-dimensional Ising model is considered as a test case, and it is shown that the finite-volume condition is satisfied for0.77 _critical.     

LD泵浦腔外倍频高转换效率Nd3+∶GdVO4固体激光器

通过合理设计精密调控各元件和温控电流，得到了平均功率为70 mW，脉冲宽度为22 ns，重复频率为14 kHz，峰值功率高达230 W的Nd3+∶GdVO4/Cr4+YAG红外脉冲激光器.先采用双凸透镜组合成的望远镜系统对1 063 nm的红外激光进行扩束，再对该光束聚焦，最后经双轴晶体LBO倍频后，得到了平均功率为40.6 mW，脉冲宽度为16 ns，重复频率为14 kHz，峰值功率高达181 W的绿光激光输出，1063 nm→532 nm的转换效率高达58%.测量了532 nm的光谱线宽曲线.解释了该聚焦方法比单一薄透镜效果明显好的原因，并指出了这种聚焦方法的使用对象.     

利用单模激光Lorenz系统实现混沌反控制

利用Lyapunov函数方法，对混沌反控制问题进行了研究.以单模激光Lorenz系统和描述心脏搏动的Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统为例，设计了一种控制器，成功地使Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统混沌化.给出了控制器的具体设计方案以及单模激光Lorenz系统与Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统状态之间误差系统的结构.仿真结果表明，在控制器的作用下，Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统所有状态变量严格地跟踪了单模激光Lorenz系统的混沌轨迹，对应的相空间中Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统的轨迹也由极限环转变为与单模激光Lorenz系统的轨迹完全相同的混沌吸引子，Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统严格地跟踪了单模激光Lorenz系统混沌的动态行为.