Multi‐dimensional combustion waves for Lewis number close to one

This paper is devoted to the study of multi‐dimensional travelling wave solution for a thermo‐diffusive model, describing the propagation of curved flames in an infinite cylinder. The linear dependence of the components of the reaction rate together with the existence of an ignition temperature ensure that the corresponding linearized operator does not satisfy the Fredholm property. A direct consequence is that solvability conditions for the linearized operator are not known and classical methods of nonlinear analysis cannot be directly applied. We prove in this paper existence results of such travelling waves, by first introducing a suitable re‐formulation of the equations and then by choosing suitable weighted spaces that allows us to move the essential spectrum away from zero. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simple evaluation of Franck–Condon factors and non‐Condon effects in the Morse potential

The calculation of Franck–Condon factors between different 1‐D Morse potential eigenstates using a formula derived from the Wigner function is discussed. Our numerical calculations using a simple program written in Mathematica are compared with other calculations. We show that our results have a similar accuracy as those calculations performed with more sophisticated methods. We discuss the extension of our method to include non‐Condon effects in the calculation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 88: 280–295, 2002     

氢部分选择性催化还原NO反应研究

在低钯含量活性非均布Pd/Al2O3催化剂上，实现了富氧条件下，氢部分选择性催化还原NO过程，低温、富氧条件下NO的转化率高达80％－100％。NO直接分解实验表明，600℃，NO分解转化率在无氧时为17．3％，有0．5％氧存在时接近于0。氢非选择性还原NO条件下，100℃以下，NO转化率为100％。根据实验结果及文献，推测了氢部分选择性还原NO过程中可能存在的反应，不同的反应温度下，NO脱除反应有所不同。在115℃以下，NO还原产物为NH3；115℃－155℃，NO还原产物为NH3、N2O和N2；155℃以上，NO还原产物中无NH3存在。NO还原反应与氢氧反应是平行的竞争反应。     

Influence of response factors on determining equilibrium association constants of non-covalent complexes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A method for determining the equilibrium association constant of a complexation reaction A + B left harpoon over right harpoon AB by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is described. The method consists in measuring the relative intensities of the peaks corresponding to A and to AB in equimolar A-B solutions at different concentrations C(0). The results are fitted by a non-linear least-squares procedure, with the two variable parameters being the equilibrium association constant K(a) and a factor R, defined by I(AB)/I(A) = R x [AB]/[A]. The factor R is the ratio between the response factors of AB and A, and corrects for the relative electrospray responses of the complex and the free substrate A, mass discrimination of instrumental origin and/or moderate in-source dissociation. The method is illustrated with the following two systems: complexes between a double-stranded 12-base pair oligonucleotide and minor groove binders, and cyclodextrin complexes with alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids. For the oligonucleotide complexes, it is found that the response of the complex is not dramatically different to the response of the free oligonucleotide duplex, as the double helix conformation is disturbed by the drug only to a minor extent. In the case of cyclodextrin complexes, these complexes were found to have a much higher response than free cyclodextrin. This may be due to the fact that cyclodextrin is neutral in solution, whereas the complex is charged, but it can also stem from the fact that a significant proportion of the complex is in a non-inclusion geometry. The present method requires the exact determination of the concentrations of the reactants and is applicable to 1 : 1 complexes.     

Surface-grafted polystyrene beads with comb-like poly(ethylene glycol) chains: preparation and biological application

We prepared surface-grafted polystyrene (PS) beads with comb-like poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. To accomplish this, conventional gel-type PS beads (35-75 microm) were treated with ozone gas to introduce hydroperoxide groups onto the surface. Using these hydroperoxide groups, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, Mn= 22,000-25,000) was grafted onto the surface of the PS beads. The ester groups of the grafted PMMA were reduced to hydroxyl groups with lithium aluminum hydride (LAH). After adding ethylene oxide (EO) to the hydroxyl groups, we obtained the PS-sg-PEG beads, which had a rugged surface and a diameter of 80-150 microm. We could obtain several kinds of the PS-sg-PEG beads by controlling the chain lengths of the grafted PMMA and the molecular weights of the PEG chains. The grafted PEG layer was about 30-50 microm thick, which was verified from the cross-sectioned views of the fluorescamine-labeled beads. These fluorescence images proved that the beads possessed a pellicular structure. Furthermore, we found that the surface-grafted PEG chains had the characteristic property of reducing non-specific protein adsorption on the beads.     

A lyotropic nematic phase of lamellar micelles (N L) obtained by a non-ionic surfactant in aqueous solution

A non ionic surfactant with a rigid rod-like hydrophobic group has been synthesized. Owing to the molecular geometry of the surfactant only lamellar micelles are formed in aqueous solution.This system exhibits a lyotropic nematic phase (N _L), which for the first time has been found for a binary non ionic surfactant/water system.Herrn Professor Dr. H.-G. Kilian mit herzlichen Glückwünschen zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

The theory of non-Cottrellian diffusion on the surface of a sphere or truncated sphere.

A method is developed whereby spherical and other particles can be derivatised with electroactive species on their surface and then immobilised on the surface of an electrode. The chronoamperometric and voltammetric responses in the limit of reversible electrode kinetics are modelled using a theory of charge movement over the surface of the spheres where this movement is considered as a diffusional process. The model is extended to include different distributions of sphere radii and to model the scenario of truncated spheres resting on the electrode surface. It is found that a good estimation of the truncation angle can be found by fitting the experimental data with theoretical predictions.     

考虑跟随企业搭便车行为的创新企业定价策略研究

文章通过构建博弈模型探讨了存在跟随企业搭便车行为时创新企业的定价策略及定价模式(稳定定价或动态定价),并分析了忠实消费者规模及需求溢出效应等特征对创新企业定价决策与利润的影响.结果表明,无论创新企业采用稳定定价或动态定价模式,跟随企业搭便车行为均会降低创新企业利润,需求溢出效应的增强总能使创新企业和跟随企业均获得更高的...     

非衍生化高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测生物体液中草甘膦、草铵膦及代谢物

建立了一种非衍生化高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测生物体液中草甘膦、草铵膦及其代谢物等8种极性农药的方法.8 种极性农药经Metrosep A Supp 5 阴离子色谱柱(150 mm x4.0 mm,5 μm)分离,以纯水-200 mmol/L碳酸氢铵溶液(含0.1％氨水)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,负离子多反应监测(MRM...     

考虑残值变化和消费者低碳偏好的生产定价与销售激励机制

在消费者低碳偏好和产品残值变化下,研究制造商的碳减排、生产及定价联合决策、以及对销售商的销售激励契约设计问题。不同于以往的研究假设残值不变,本文考虑残值依赖于清仓期库存以及碳减排问题。提出委托代理模型,求解模型并从理论上分析残值的变化和碳减排成本对双方决策和收益的影响。研究表明,残值变化率的增加只导致制造商的收益和生产量下降,不影响制造商的碳减排、定价、销售契约及零售商的决策和收益,但碳减排成本将导致制造商的收益和双方决策变量的下降。最后通过算例分析验证了结论,对供应链的运营实践有指导意义。