Thermal Decomposition of Bi(III), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) Thiocyanates

Thermal decomposition of Bi(SCN)₃, Cd(SCN)₂, Pb(SCN)₂ and Cu(SCN)₂ has been studied. The thermal analysis curves and the diffraction patterns of the solid intermediate and final products of the pyrolysis are presented. The gaseous products of the decomposition (SO₂ and CO₂) were detected and quantitatively determined. Thermal, X-ray and chemical analyses have been used to establish the nature of the reactions occurring at each stage in the decomposition.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of medium on the rate constant of decomposition of di(tert-butyl)trioxide

It was found that the medium affects the rate constant of the thermal decomposition of di(tert-butyl)trioxide. In all solvents studied, the decomposition occurred according to the first-order law. The effect of the solvent on the rate constant was analyzed within the framework of the Koppel-Palm equation.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1167–1168, June, 1995.The authors are grateful to O. N. Makarova for help in this work.This study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 93-03-5231).     

Characterization and decomposition mechanism of an unusual nickel, thiocyanate and 4-methylpyridine polymeric complex

The synthesis, characterization, and thermal decomposition of the [Ni(SCN)₂(H⁺SCN)₂(4-mepy)₂] compound with an octahedral structure in polymeric chain were reported, in which SCN groups form bridges among Ni(II) ions. The compound decomposes in water resulting in a pH<4 solution. The FT-IR spectrum presented doublet bands at 2117; 2128 cm⁻¹, 788; 773 cm⁻¹ assigned to ν(C---N) and ν(C---S) stretching modes, respectively, and δ(SCN) deformation modes at 468; 476 cm⁻¹. The Raman spectrum of the compound presented the ν(C---N) stretching as a strong doublet at 2122; 2128 cm⁻¹, ν(C---S) at 783; 770 cm⁻¹, and δ(SCN) at 468; 477 cm⁻¹. No significant changes were observed in the 4-mepy ligand bands compared with the vibrational frequencies of the pure compound or the compound in aqueous solution 0.2 mol l⁻¹. The crystal UV–vis reflectance spectrum presented two bands centered in 626 and 424 nm tentatively assigned to the d→d type transitions, ³A_2g→³T_1g and ³A_2g→³T_1g, for a symmetry close to O_h. The TG curve showed a mass loss between 120 and 200 °C assigned to the loss of the two 4-mepy molecules; from 200 to 265 °C, the loss of the two H⁺SCN groups; and from 265 to 450 °C, the loss of the two SCN groups that formed the bridges among the nickel atoms. Based on these mass loss data, a mechanism of thermal decomposition for the compound was proposed.     

Thermal decomposition of ammonium fluoroferrates (NH4)xFeF2x (2≤x≤3)

Different ammonium fluoroferrates (NH₄)_xFeF_2x (2≤x≤3) have been investigated. The thermal decomposition of the compounds obtained can be interpreted by their identical crystal structures (cryolite type). The decomposition products of all ammonium fluoroferrates formed in initial stage are isostructural of NH₄FeF₄. The decomposition is accompanied by the partial reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by ammonium isolated. The end product of the thermal decomposition is FeF₂ and FeF₃ mixture.     

Anomalies of the partition coefficient and properties of crystals in the region of low concentrations of an isomorphous admixture. 1. Unusual decomposition of solid solutions of the NaCl—CdCl2 system

Solid solutions NaCl—CdCl₂ were studied in an interval of CdCl₂ concentrations of 0.05—3 mol.% by Raman spectroscopy. The molecular form Na₂CdCl₄ decomposes: Na₂CdCl₄ 2Na⁺ + Cd²⁺ + 2Cl₂ ^– + 2e^–; 2Na + 2e^– 2Na⁰. Free sodium atoms form color centers of crystal (F centers) in the region of jumpwise changing the partition coefficient of CdCl₂ in NaCl (K jump).     

Synthesis of 2-Acetoxy- and 2-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,8-bc]pyran

Summary 2-Acetoxy- and 2-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,8-bc]pyranes were synthesized by decomposition of 1-hydroperoxy-1,2-dihydroacenaphthylene in acetic acid in the presence of perchloric acid.

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Synthese von 2-Acetoxy- und 2-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,8-bc]pyran

Zusammenfassung 2-Acetoxy- und 2-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,8-bc]pyrane konnten durch Zersetzung von 1-Hydroperoxy-1,2-dihydroacenaphthylen in Essigsäure in Anwesenheit von Perchlorsäure synthetisiert werden.

     

遗传算法优化变分模态分解提取舰船辐射噪声特征线谱方法

特征线谱提取是舰船目标识别的一个重要研究环节,常采用传统的DEMON谱分析方法,处理过程中,一般对舰船噪声时域信号未予抑噪,低信噪比情况下,传统DEMON谱分析性能差。对此,提出一种采用遗传算法优化变分模态分解方法,用于分解舰船噪声原时域信号,获得抑制噪声后的舰船噪声重构信号,进而有效提取了舰船目标噪声幅度调制特征线谱。该方法首先采用遗传算法优化变分模态分解的两个关键输入参数(分解所取模态个数和惩罚因子),对变分模态分解得到的各阶固有模态分量加以判别,去除噪声主导分量,保留信号主导分量,使重构舰船噪声信号显著抑制了干扰噪声,然后对降噪后的重构信号进行频谱分析,获得目标噪声调制特征线谱。理论分析、仿真和实验数据处理结果表明,相比传统DEMON谱分析法,基于遗传算法优化变分模态分解的舰船噪声特征线谱提取方法具有更好的噪声抑制能力,所获取的舰船噪声幅度调制特征线谱信噪比明显高于传统DEMON方法,具有一定优势,前景良好。     

微波-同时蒸馏萃取分离肉桂挥发性成分分析

经粉碎的肉桂干燥树皮置于去离子水中微波加热处理后,用自制的同时蒸馏-萃取装置,以重蒸乙醚为溶剂将试样中的挥发组分萃取分离。用旋转蒸发器除去乙醚后即得到含有试样中挥发组分的透明的黄色液体,收得率为6.5%,应用GC/MS法对黄色液体的组分进行定性和定量分析。借助于联机的计算机和相关软件并用峰面积-归一化计算测得其中共有27个化合物,其中含量最高的是肉桂醛,达94.36%。另取部分上述挥发油(即黄色液体),用加成分解法将其中肉桂醛转化为一种加成产物以沉淀形式析出,即将黄色液体与NaHSO3共置于微波炉中,在不超过10℃的条件下处理直至加成物完全析出。将此加成物分出,并用0.1 mol.L-1盐酸进行水解处理,使加成物恢复成纯度较高的肉桂醛,用IR及MS对其组成及结构作进一步确认。     

近红外漫反射光谱信息分解的数量分析

近红外漫反射光谱分析中,一直认为近红外光可获取样品内部的物质信息,但近红外漫反射光谱包含样品内部信息量究竟是多少,一直未给出准确的数量描述。该研究以烤烟样品为实验材料设计样品,每个实验样品分别由表层片状烤烟与内部烤烟粉末两部分组合而成,测定样品近红外漫反射光谱,提取光谱主成分信息(principal component, PC),将所提取的各主成分的不同组合作为统计指标,对样品进行聚类分析,结合各主成分方差贡献率,初步给出了样品不同深度光谱信息分解量的描述。实验结果表明,近红外漫反射光谱第1和第2主成分包含的信息量约占总信息的98%,反映样品表层信息;第3和第4主成分约占1.5%,表征样品内部信息。这一结果将有助于我们对近红外光谱定性定量分析时主成分信息的选择有一个更深刻的理解。     

p调和函数正则性的一个注记

若p调和函数u属于W^1,q〉p-1〉0,且满足｜p-2｜或｜p—g｜足够小,证明了△↓一定是Holder连续的．这个结果推广了调和函数（p=2）的正则性结论,其证明主要运用了Hodge分解及反Holder不等式．