多层衍射元件的浮雕深度和基底材料的优化分析

在分析单层和多层衍射元件衍射效率的基础上,推导出光学系统中多层衍射元件浮雕深度和基底材料的一般关系式,并对这些变量进行优化,得到阿贝数的值大致在20～80之间,β的合理值在0.25～0.6之间,当2个衍射元件的阿贝数v1＜v2,且差值比较大时,阿贝数小的衍射元件的基底材料选择光学玻璃中的火石玻璃,阿贝数大的衍射元件的基底材料选择光学玻璃中的冕牌玻璃。根据这个方法,设计了3组可实现宽波段高衍射效率的不同材料、不同浮雕深度的组合,使得每组组合中两层衍射元件的衍射效率都在99%以上。     

切削刀具多层涂层的力学特性和耐磨性

利用纳米硬度计研究了硬质合金基体上ＣＶＤ沉积ＴｉＮ,ＴＩＮ／Ｔｉ（Ｃ,Ｎ）／ＴｉＣ、ＴｉＮ／ＴｉＮ／Ｔｉ（Ｃ,Ｎ）／ＴｉＣ／Ｔｉ（Ｃ,Ｎ）／ＴｉＣ和ＴｉＮ／Ｔｉ（Ｃ,Ｎ）／Ｔｉ（Ｃ,Ｎ）／ＴｉＣ／Ｔｉ（Ｃ,Ｎ）／ＴｉＣ等４种涂层的硬度和断裂韧性。讨论了载荷与压入深度关系曲线上的台阶和载荷与压入深度平方关系曲线上的直线段与涂层的断裂失效的界面失效的关系,指出可用临界载荷ｐｔ和ｐｉ来分别描述涂层的断裂     

From Amorphous Carbon to Carbon Nanobelts and Vertically Oriented Graphene Nanosheets Synthesized by Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Carbon materials with various structures were produced via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition by controlling substrate temperature and mixed gases in the atmosphere. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the morphology and structure of the materials. The results show that at a low substrate temperature(100 ℃) in CH₄:Ar(flow rate ratio was 100 cm³/min:10 cm³/min), amorphous carbon formed on Si(100) that could act as a support for the growth of carbon nanobelt and layer graphene at 800 ℃. Vertically oriented multi-layer graphene nanosheets(GNs) were catalyst-free synthesized on Si and Ni foam at 800 ℃ in a mixture of CH₄:Ar(20 cm³/min:60, 80 and 100 cm³/min). The capacitor character investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge indicates that for the as-synthesized GNs, the electrochemical capacitance is very small(16 F/g at current density of 16 A/g). However, having been treated in acidic solution, the GNs exhibited good capacitive behavior, with a capacitance of 166 F/g, and after 800 charge/discharge cycles at 32 A/g, the capacitance could retain about 88.4%. The enhancement of specific capacitance is attributed to the increase of specific surface area after etching treatment of them.     

Convective transport of nanoparticles in multi-layer fluid flow

Technologically, multi-layer fluid models are important in understanding fluid-fluid or fluid-nanoparticle interactions and their effects on flow and heat transfer characteristics. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, little attention has been paid to the study of three-layer fluid models with nanofluids. Therefore, a three-layer fluid flow model with nanofluids is formulated in this paper. The governing coupled nonlinear differential equations of the problem are non-dimensionalized by using appropriate fundamental quantities. The resulting multi-point boundary value problem is solved numerically by quasi-linearization and Richardson’s extrapolation with modified boundary conditions. The effects of the model parameters on the flow and heat transfer are obtained and analyzed. The results show that an increase in the nanoparticle concentration in the base fluid can modify the fluid-velocity at the interface of the two fluids and reduce the shear not only at the surface of the clear fluid but also at the interface between them. That is, nanofluids play a vital role in modifying the flow phenomena. Therefore, one can use nanofluids to obtain the desired qualities for the multi-fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics.     

A Broadband CPW-to-Microstrip Modes Coupling Technique

A broadband vertical transition from coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-microstrip modes is presented. The transition has a double resonance and can be tuned for very wide-band operation. The CPW-to-microstrip modes coupling technique is useful for the vertical integration of multi-layer millimeter-wave circuits, packaging and antenna feeding networks. A vertical transition has been fabricated on 100 m silicon substrate for operation at W-band frequencies and shows less than 0.3 dB of insertion loss and better than 12 dB of return loss from 75 to 110 GHz. A 94 GHz CPW-fed microstrip antenna showing a 10-dB bandwidth of about 30 % has been built using the same transition technique.     

On the Gaussian Perceptron at High Temperature

For =( _i ) _{iN N} ={–1,1} ^N , define

生长曲线分析中的多水平模型及算法

生长曲线分析是了解事物随时间的变化特点的分析热点.然而,传统的曲线拟合方法不适用通过重复测量得到的结构资料.采用轮廓设计矩阵运算虽然解决结构资料的生长曲线分析,但是相应的SAS程序冗长且难懂.将多水平模型应用于生长曲线的分析,通过实例分析介绍应用过程,同时给出简单明了的SAS程序.     

Measurment of the energy spectrum of an electron beam extracted from an accelerator

The electron energy spectrum is one of the most important characteristics of an electron beam that is extracted from a linear accelerator. The most direct way to determine an electron spectrum would be to use a magnetic spectrometer and this method could also give results with high precision and effectiveness. In this article we describe our design of a new multilayer absorption method, which is based on the depth-dose curves method that can be used in most irradiation accelerators,and adds the Monte Carlo simulation and iterative algorithm in order to reconstruct the electron energy spectrum. In this article the energy spectrum was measured using these two methods, and good results were acquired. These results could be crosschecked, which made the results more reliable.     

人工神经网络在车辆声学分类中的应用

传统反向传播(BP,Back-Propagation)算法虽然解决了多层感知器的收敛问题,但是训练时间长、收敛速度慢。本文针对训练样本分布状态未知的问题,提出了一种有效的加速收敛方法,即对不同的训练样本选择不同的学习率。将这种改进的BP算法应用到履带车与轮式车的声学分类中,明显提高了算法的收敛速度、泛化能力及稳定性,并可根据需要调整两种车辆的识别率。