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181.
Gottwald A Kuran P Scheler U 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2003,162(2):364-370
Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR is applied to investigate flow processes. In this case the NMR signal experiences phase modulation due to flow and signal attenuation due to the distribution of velocities. The velocity distribution consists of one part originating from diffusion and of a second part, the distribution of the directed motion. The usual PFG-experiment in which the gradient strength is incremented cannot distinguish between both. Incrementing velocity at constant gradient strength keeps the contribution from diffusion constant but changes the absolute width of the velocity distribution. So the signal is attenuated again, but only due to the distribution of the directed motion. The phase modulation as a signature of flow is not affected by this strategy, because velocity and gradient strength are Fourier conjugated. The key advantage of this approach is the possibility of measuring very low velocities, which only cause a very slight phase modulation that is easily covered by diffusion. The method is discussed here for very slow flow in a rheometer cell. 相似文献
182.
A. L. Tukmakov 《Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics》2003,44(1):64-68
Synchronization of oscillations of thin elastic plates that are walls of a gasfilled channel is considered. The gas motion is described by a system of Navier–Stokes equations, which is solved using the secondorder MacCormack method with time splitting. The motion of the channel walls is described by a system of geometrically nonlinear dynamic equations of the theory of this plates, which is solved by the finitedifference method. Kinematic and dynamic contact conditions are imposed at the interface between the media. A numerical experiment is performed to determine typical dynamic regimes and study the transition of the aeroelastic system to inphase oscillations. 相似文献
183.
A new and general approach is proposed to analyze the dynamics of a colloidal particle interacting with a nearby wall. This
analysis can be used to determine the acting forces even when the system is non-stationary. As an illustration, we use total
internal reflection microscopy to investigate the forces acting on a polystyrene sulfate latex particle as it is receding
from a charged glass surface.
Received 10 October 2002 Published online: 16 April 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"Present address: Department of Polymer Physics, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
RID="b"
ID="b"Present address: Arryx. Inc., Chicago, IL 60601, USA 相似文献
184.
D. Stauffer A. Aharony L. da Fontoura Costa J. Adler 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,32(3):395-399
Neural networks are supposed to recognise blurred images (or patterns) of N pixels (bits) each. Application of the network to an initial blurred version of one of P pre-assigned patterns should converge to the correct pattern. In the “standard" Hopfield model, the N “neurons” are connected to each other via N2 bonds which contain the information on the stored patterns. Thus computer time and memory in general grow with N2. The Hebb rule assigns synaptic coupling strengths proportional to the overlap of the stored patterns at the two coupled
neurons. Here we simulate the Hopfield model on the Barabási-Albert scale-free network, in which each newly added neuron is
connected to only m other neurons, and at the end the number of neurons with q neighbours decays as 1/q
3. Although the quality of retrieval decreases for small m, we find good associative memory for 1 ≪ m ≪ N. Hence, these networks gain a factor N/m ≫ 1 in the computer memory and time.
Received 12 January 2003 Published online 11 April 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: stauffer@thp.uni-koeln.de 相似文献
185.
Exactly solvable models through the generalized empty interval method,for multi-species interactions
A. Aghamohammadi M. Alimohammadi M. Khorrami 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,31(3):371-378
Multi-species reaction-diffusion systems, with nearest-neighbor interaction on a one-dimensional lattice are considered. Necessary
and sufficient constraints on the interaction rates are obtained, that guarantee the closedness of the time evolution equation
for E
n(t)'s, the expectation value of the product of certain linear combination of the number operators on n consecutive sites at time t. The constraints are solved for the single-species left-right-symmetric systems. Also, examples of multi-species system for
which the evolution equations of E
n(t)'s are closed, are given.
Received 25 September 2002 / Received in final form 3 December 2002 Published online 14 February 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: mamwad@iasbs.ac.ir 相似文献
186.
K. Mallick P. Marcq 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,31(4):553-561
We study analytically and numerically the problem of a nonlinear mechanical oscillator with additive noise in the absence
of damping. We show that the amplitude, the velocity and the energy of the oscillator grow algebraically with time. For Gaussian
white noise, an analytical expression for the probability distribution function of the energy is obtained in the long-time
limit. In the case of colored, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise, a self-consistent calculation leads to (different) anomalous diffusion
exponents. Dimensional analysis yields the qualitative behavior of the prefactors (generalized diffusion constants) as a function
of the correlation time.
Received 10 October 2002 Published online 6 March 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: mallick@spht.saclay.cea.fr 相似文献
187.
While approaching the target body, the deep-space probe is orbiting hyperbolically before the maneuver. We discuss the variation of perturbed hyperbolic orbit using the method similar to that used in elliptic orbit. Ephemeris calculating and orbit control will benefit from the given analytical solution. 相似文献
188.
We study the pure point spectrum of the energy operator H(P
) of a many-particle charged quantum system in a homogeneous magnetic field based on the results in our previous work under fixation of the sum P
of the pseudomomentum components of the system. We prove that the discrete spectrum H(P
) of a short-range system is infinite under some conditions (which, for example, hold for a system of two oppositely charged particles) even in the case of a finitely supported potential. For a long-range system of the type of a (+)-ion of an atom (including the ion), the discrete spectrum is infinite. 相似文献
189.
Large Deviation Principle for Additive Functionals of Brownian Motion Corresponding to Kato Measures
Let (B
t
,P
W
x
) be the Brownian motion. Let be a Radon measure in the Kato class and A
t
the additive functional associated with . We prove that A
t
/t obeys the large deviation principle. 相似文献
190.
Let t be a continuous Markov chain on N states. Consider adjoining a Brownian motion with this Markov chain so that the drift and the variance take different values when t is in different states. This new process Zt is a hidden Markov process. We study the probability distribution of the first passage time for Zt.Our result, when applied to the stock market, provides an explicit mathematical interpretation of the fact that in finite time, there is positive probability for the bull (bear) market to become bear (bull). 相似文献