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161.
高频地波雷达频谱监测系统的前端电路设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用超外差式接收和直接数字合成(DDS)技术设计了高频地波雷达频谱监测系统的前端电路.该电路能够根据雷达探测距离的远近选择相对应的噪声信号接收频段,为后续的数据采集与处理提供噪声电平数据.实验证明:本系统的跳频本振信号信噪比(SNR)优于60dB;对输入信号具有60dB左右的增益和1μV的灵敏度,满足了武汉大学研制的下一代高频地波海态监测雷达对频谱监测的需要. 相似文献
162.
Traversa Enrico Di Vona Maria Luisa Licoccia Silvia Sacerdoti Michele Carotta Maria Cristina Gallana Massimiliano Martinelli Giuliano 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2000,19(1-3):193-196
Pure, 5 at%, and 10 at% Ta- or Nb-doped TiO2 nanosized powders were prepared by the sol-gel method. The powders heated to 400°C have the crystalline anatase structure. While the pure TiO2 powder heated to 850°C has the rutile structure, the addition of Ta and Nb inhibited the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation at this temperature. Ta was soluble in the titania lattice up to the concentration of 10 at%, while the solubility of Nb was 5 at%. Thick films were fabricated with these powders by screen printing technology and then fired at 650°C and 850°C for 1 h. SEM observations showed that the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation induces a grain growth of about one order of magnitude for pure TiO2. The addition of Ta and Nb is effective to keep the TiO2 grain size at the nanometric level even at 850°C. Conductance measurements showed that a good gas response is observed only for the nanostructured titania-based films. The CO response of these materials is only slightly affected by humidity. 相似文献
163.
164.
I. Redsven 《Applied Surface Science》2007,253(12):5536-5543
Detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by bioluminescence is used, for instance, in the food industry and in hospitals to assess the hygiene status of surfaces. The aim of this laboratory study was to investigate the feasibility of the ATP method for estimating the cleanability of resilient floor coverings from biological soil. The surfaces were worn using a Soiling and Wearing Drum Tester, and soiled and cleaned with an Erichsen Washability and Scrubbing Resistance Tester. In the laboratory test carried out with the bioluminescence method, most of the new and worn floor coverings that were biologically soiled were cleaned efficiently. According to this study, the semiquantitative ATP screening method can be used for hygiene monitoring of flooring materials. No correlation was found between cleanability and contact angles or surface topography measured using a profilometer. However, by revealing local irregularities and damage on surfaces, scanning electron micrographs appeared useful in explaining differences in cleanability. 相似文献
165.
Use of the wavelet transform (WT) to study the forced vibrations in a rod in order to detect the presence of a defect is proposed. The axial vibrations in an inhomogeneous rod, produced by the application of different forces, are simulated by the Network Simulation Method and the obtained response is analyzed with the WT. An analysis of the detection and location of defects for several applied forces and defects generated by locally changing density or stiffness of the rod is presented. A noise test was carried out to check the robustness of the technique in real situations. 相似文献
166.
The vast numbers of molecular objects and chemical transformations of a substrate cannot be evaluated even intuitively, which necessitates the development of simple reaction monitoring methods. Here this problem is formulated for the first time, and possible solutions are substantiated. 相似文献
167.
Butyltin concentrations have been measured at eight freshwater sites (rivers and lakes) in the Norfolk Broads, UK, during 1986 and 1987. Tributyltin (TBT) was found in water samples from seven of the sites. Wherever TBT was present, dibutyltin and (usually) monobutyltin occurred. Levels of TBT exceeded 100 ng dm?3 in open stretches of both the Rivers Bure and Yare in 1986 and 1987. The highest concentration of TBT recorded for Wroxham Broad (a shallow lake) was 898 ng dm?3. Values of up to 3.26 μg dm?3 were measured in water samples taken from a marina. A depth profile for Wroxham Broad showed TBT to be uniformly distributed throughout the shallow water column. The results are discussed in relation to toxicity of TBT to freshwater organisms. Laboratory measurements of the degradation of TBT in freshwater from a marina gave a half-life of six days at 20°C in the light. 相似文献
168.
169.
Fernando Cruz Moraes Sonia Tomie Tanimoto Giancarlo Richard Salazar‐Banda Sergio Antonio Spinola Machado Lucia Helena Mascaro 《Electroanalysis》2009,21(9):1091-1098
The electrochemical detection of the hazardous pollutant 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) at low potentials, in order to avoid matrix interferences, is an important research challenge. This study describes the development, electrochemical characterization and utilization of a multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) film electrode for the quantitative determination of 4‐NP in natural water. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the modified surface exhibits a decrease of ca. 13 times in the charge transfer resistance when compared with a bare glassy carbon (GC) surface. Voltammetric experiments showed the possibility to oxidize a hydroxylamine layer (produced by the electrochemical reduction of 4‐NP on the GC/MWNCT surface) in a potential region which is approximately 700 mV less positive than that needed to oxidize 4‐NP, thus minimizing the interference of matrix components. The limit of detection for 4‐NP obtained using square‐wave voltammetry (0.12 μmol L?1) was lower than the value advised by EPA. A natural water sample from a dam located in São Carlos (Brazil) was spiked with 4‐NP and analyzed by the standard addition method using the GC/MWCNT electrode, without any further purification step. The recovery procedure yielded a value of 96.5% for such sample, thus confirming the suitability of the developed method to determine 4‐NP in natural water samples. The electrochemical determination was compared with that obtained by HPLC with UV‐vis detection. 相似文献
170.
A method for fast and selective determination of the main triterpenic compounds present in olive leaves — oleanolic, ursolic and maslinic acids as triterpenic acids and, uvaol and erythrodiol as triterpenic dialcohols — is reported here. Quantitative isolation of the analytes has been accomplished in 5 min by microwave assistance using ethanol as extractant. Due to the medium polarity of triterpenic acids and dialcohols, different ethanol-water ratios were tested in order to select the optimum extractant composition for their solubilisation. Microwave assistance provided a significant shortening of the leaching time as compared to conventional procedures by maceration, which usually requires at least 5 h. After extraction, determination was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with a triple quadrupole (qQq) mass detector without any clean-up step prior to chromatographic analysis. Highly selective identification of triterpenes was confirmed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using the most representative transitions from the precursor ion to the different product ions, while the most sensitive transitions were used for MS-MS quantitation. Total analysis performed in 25 min enables the characterization of a fraction with particular interest in the pharmacological area. 相似文献