A light-emitting diode fabricated from horse-heart cytochrome c

We have fabricated a light-emitting diode from horse-heart cytochrome c and measured the electro-luminescence (EL) spectra. The spectra exhibit broad peaks around 530 and 690 nm, and a weak shoulder around 410 nm. The EL spectra are completely different from the photo-luminescence spectra previously reported. The appearance of the 690 nm emission band suggests the charge-transfer between the iron and the axial methionine ligand plays a crucial role in the electrical conduction in the cytochrome c film.     

The effect of Cu substitution on the A1g mode of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 manganites

We report on the first Raman data of Cu substituted La_1−ySr_yMn_1−xCu_xO₃ (0≤x≤0.10 and 0.17≤y≤0.3, accordingly in order to have the same Mn⁴⁺/[Mn⁴⁺+Mn³⁺] ratio), collected in the frequency range 100-900 cm⁻¹ and at room temperature, with parallel (e_i∥e_s) and crossed (e_i⊥e_s) polarizations of the incident (e_i) and scattered (e_s) light. Spectra were fitted with a Drude-Lorentz model, and peaks at 190-220 and 430 cm⁻¹, together with two broad structures centered at near 500 and 670 cm⁻¹, have been found. We also have observed that the A_1g mode is substantially shifted with increasing Cu substitution. The A_1g phonon shift is a linear function of the tolerance factor t and the rhombohedral angle α_r, thus following the structural changes of the MnO₆ octahedra in the system.     

New approach to Q-P （P-Q） ordering of quantum mechanical operators and its applications

In this paper, we introduce a new way to obtain the Q-P （P-Q） ordering of quantum mechanical operators, i.e., from the classical correspondence of Q-P （P-Q） ordered operators by replacing q and p with coordinate and momentum operators, respectively. Some operator identities are derived concisely. As for its applications, the single （two-） mode squeezed operators and Fresnel operator are examined. It is shown that the classical correspondence of Fresnel operator’s Q-P （P-Q） ordering is just the integration kernel of Fresnel transformation. In addition, a new photo-counting formula is constructed by the Q-P ordering of operators.     

基于灰度投影改进的电子稳像

针对灰度投影算法运用于存在局部运动目标的情况下,稳像效果较差并且可能产生错稳这一问题,在分析灰度投影基本理论的基础上,提出一种改进的灰度投影算法:局部运动物体位置估计方法和像素替代法。利用灰度值的改变和像素替代的方法,把局部运动物体去除,再进行稳像处理。通过实验验证,该方法可以解决图像中存在运动物体时发生的错稳情况。比较改进前与改进后的稳像效果,改进后的PSRN（峰值信噪比）提高了1.35。     

Study on the electronic structure and optical properties of different Al constituent Ga1−xAlxAs

Using quantum mechanics GASTEP software package based on the first principle density function theory, the electronic structure and optical properties of Ga_1−xAl_xAs at different Al constituent are calculated. Result shows that with the increase of Al constituent, the band gap of Ga_1−xAl_xAs increases and varies from direct band gap to indirect band gap; the absorption band edge and the absorption peak move to high-energy side; the static reflectivity decreases. With the increasing of the incident photon energy, Ga_1−xAl_xAs shows metal reflective properties in certain energy range. With the increasing of Al constituent, static dielectric constant decreases and the intersection of dielectric function and the x-axis move towards high-energy side; the peak of energy loss function move to low-energy side and the peak value reduces.     

Polarized angular dependence of three-dimensional light-scattering for nanoparticles on thin film wafer

Bidirectional ellipsometry has been developed as a technique for distinguishing among various scattering features near surfaces. The polarized angular dependence of three-dimensional light-scattering by the nanoparticles on thin film wafer is calculated and measured. These calculations and measurements yield angular dependence of bidirectional ellipsometric parameters for out-of-plane light-scattering. The experimental data show good agreement with theoretical predictions for different nanoparticle diameters and thin film thicknesses when bidirectional ellipsometry was employed to measure nanoparticles (60 nm, 100 nm, and 200 nm) on Si wafers with different film thicknesses of 2 nm, 5 nm, and 10 nm. Not only are the diameters of the nanoparticles determined, but also the film thicknesses can be calculated and distinguished from the measurement results. Additionally, the results indicate that improved accuracy is possible for measurements of scattering features from nanoparticles and thin films.     

Faceting and stability of smectic A droplets on a solid substrate

It is shown that a smectic A droplet deposited on a solid substrate treated for strong homeotropic anchoring is faceted at the top in spite of the fact that there are no steps at the free surface, but instead edge dislocations in the bulk. The radius of the facet and the full profile of the curved part of the droplet are determined as a function of the temperature in the vicinity of a nematic-smectic A phase transition. It is shown that the observed profiles do not correspond to the actual equilibrium shape, but to metastable configurations close to their point of marginal stability. In addition, we predict that the profiles must be different for a given temperature depending on whether the droplet has been heated or cooled down to reach this temperature. Finally, we discuss the problem of the formation of giant dislocations in big droplets (Grandjean terraces).     

Conditional Probabilities and Density Operators in Quantum Modeling

Motivated by a recent proof of free choices in linking equations to the experiments they describe, I clarify some relations among purely mathematical entities featured in quantum mechanics (probabilities, density operators, partial traces, and operator-valued measures), thereby allowing applications of these entities to the modeling of a wider variety of physical situations. I relate conditional probabilities associated with projection-valued measures to conditional density operators identical, in some cases but not in others, to the usual reduced density operators. While a fatal obstacle precludes associating conditional density operators with general non-projective measures, tensor products of general positive operator-valued measures (POVMs) are associated with conditional density operators. This association together with the free choice of probe particles allows a postulate of state reductions to be replaced by a theorem. An application shows an equivalence between one form of quantum key distribution and another with respect to certain eavesdropping attacks.     

Phase diagrams of spin-1 Ising model with bilinear and quadrupolar interactions under magnetic field. Two-particle cluster approximation

The spin-1 Ising model with bilinear and quadrupolar short-range interactions under magnetic field is investigated within the two-particle cluster approximation. It is shown that for those values of the quadrupolar interaction when at zero magnetic field the system undergoes a temperature phase transition between quadrupolar and paramagnetic phases, a triple point may exist in the temperature vs. magnetic field phase diagrams, necessarily along with a critical point. It is also shown that the critical points in the temperature vs. magnetic field phase diagrams of the investigated model can be of three types.