Electrokinetic and electrorheological properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/polyindole conducting composites

In this study, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyindole (PIN), and PVC/PIN conducting composites having five different compositions were used. Particle sizes, densities, dielectric constants, and sedimentation ratios of the materials were determined. The zeta‐potentials of the samples were measured in aqueous and nonaqueous (silicone oil [SO]) media. The dispersions prepared in SO were subjected to external electric field strength, and their electrorheological properties were investigated. Then the effects of dispersed particle volume fraction, shear rate, external electric field strength, frequency, and temperature onto electrorheological activities of the dispersions were examined. Further, creep and creep‐recovery tests were applied to the PIN/SO and PVC/PIN/SO dispersions, and reversible viscoelastic deformations were observed. Finally, the vibration damping capacity of PVC (66%)/PIN (34%)/SO dispersion system was tested by using an automobile shock absorber. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sixteen-state magnetic memory based on the extraordinary Hall effect

We report on a proof-of-concept study of split-cell magnetic storage in which multi-bit magnetic memory cells are composed of several multilevel ferromagnetic dots with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Extraordinary Hall effect is used for reading the data. Feasibility of the approach is supported by realization of four-, eight- and sixteen- state cells.     

Waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites having shape memory effects

UV curable waterborne polyurethane/silica nanocomposites were designed and synthesized with functionalized silicas, where the functionalization was made with allyl isocyanate. The incorporated silica particles gave triple effects of multifunctional chemical cross‐links, reinforcing fillers, and stress relaxation retarders. Consequently, functionalized silica incorporated into the polymer chains showed significantly improved mechanical and thermal properties than the simple addition of unmodified silica. Notably, over 99% shape fixity and shape recovery with minimum cyclic hysteresis were obtained for the repeated cycles at 1% loading of the modified silica. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Non‐Linear Signal Detection Improvement by Radiation Damping in Single‐Pulse NMR Spectra

When NMR lines overlap and at least one of them is affected by radiation damping, the resonance line shapes of all lines are no longer Lorentzian. We report the appearance of narrow signal distortions, which resemble hole‐burnt spectra. This new experimental phenomenon facilitates the detection of tiny signals hidden below the main resonance. Theoretical analysis based on modified Maxwell–Bloch equations shows that the presence of strong transverse magnetization creates a feedback through the coil, which influences the magnetization of all spins with overlapping resonance lines. In the time domain this leads to cross‐precession terms between magnetization densities, which ultimately cause non‐linear behavior. Numerical simulations corroborate this interpretation.     

Upper semicontinuity of global attractors for a viscoelastic equations with nonlinear density and memory effects

This paper is devoted to showing the upper semicontinuity of global attractors associated with the family of nonlinear viscoelastic equations in a three‐dimensional space, for f growing up to the critical exponent and dependent on ρ ∈ [0,4), as ρ→0⁺. This equation models extensional vibrations of thin rods with nonlinear material density ?(?_tu) = |?_tu|^ρ and presence of memory effects. This type of problems has been extensively studied by several authors; the existence of a global attractor with optimal regularity for each ρ ∈ [0,4) were established only recently. The proof involves the optimal regularity of the attractors combined with Hausdorff's measure.     

Interface stress effect tuning and enhancing the energy dissipation of staggered nanocomposites

ABSTRACT

Natural biological composites and artificial biomimetic staggered composites with nanoscale internal structures can exhibit extraordinary energy dissipation, compared with conventional composites. It is believed that the interface stress effects of the interfaces between hard platelets and a viscous matrix play an important role in the extraordinary damping properties of such nanocomposites. In this study, a viscoelastic model is established to investigate the mechanism of the influence that the interface stress effect has on the damping properties, based on the Gurtin-Murdoch interface model and the tension-shear chain model. An explicit analytical solution of the effective dynamic moduli characterising the damping properties is obtained by using the correspondence principle, which is also validated by comparison with a finite element analysis. From the obtained analytical solution, an interface factor is abstracted to characterise the synergistic effect of the feature size and material parameters on the damping properties. Based on the model established, the optimal size of the platelets and the optimal loading frequency can be designed to achieve superior energy dissipation, when the staggered nanocomposites bear the dynamic load. Therefore, the findings of the present study not only reveal the damping mechanism of biological structures at nanoscale but also provide useful guidelines for the design of biomimetic nanocomposites from the nanoscale to the macroscopic scale.     

Physics of organic ferroelectric field‐effect transistors

Most of the envisaged applications of organic electronics require a nonvolatile memory that can be programmed, erased, and read electrically. Ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFET) are especially suitable due to the nondestructive read‐out and low power consumption. Here, an analytical model is presented that describes the charge transport in organic FeFETs. The model combines an empirical expression for the ferroelectric polarization with a density dependent hopping charge transport in organic semiconductors. Transfer curves can be calculated with parameters that are directly linked to the physical properties of both the comprising ferroelectric and semiconductor materials. A unipolar FeFET switches between a polarized and depolarized state, and an ambipolar FeFET switches between two stable polarized states. A good agreement between experimental and calculated current is obtained. The method is generic; any other analytical model for the polarization and charge transport can be easily implemented and can be used to identify the origin of the different transconductances reported in the literature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011     

ANLYTICAL SOLUTION OF THERMOELASTIC DAMPING IN RECTANGULAR MINDLIN MICRO PLATES 1)

首次给出了四边简支的 Mindlin 矩形微板热弹性阻尼的解析解. 基于考虑一阶剪切变形的 Mindlin 板理论和单向耦合热传导理论建立了微板热弹性耦合自由振动控制微分方程. 忽略温度梯度在面内的变化,在上下表面绝热边界条件下求得了用变形几何量表示的温度场的解析解. 进一步将包含热弯曲内力的结构振动方程转化为只包含挠度振幅的四阶偏微分方程. 利用特征值问题之间在数学上的相似性,在四边简支条件下给出了用无阻尼 Kirchhoff 微板的固有频率表示的 Mindlin 矩形微板的复频率解析解,从而利用复频率法求得了反映热弹性阻尼水平的逆品质因子. 最后,通过数值结果定量地分析了剪切变形、材料以及几何参数对热弹性阻尼的影响 规律. 结果表明,Mindlin 板理论预测的热弹性阻尼小于 Kirchhoff 板理论预测的热弹性阻尼. 两种理论预测的热弹性阻尼之间的差值在临界厚度附近十分显著. 另外,随着微板的边/厚比增大,Mindlin 微板的热弹性阻尼最大值单调增大,而 Kirchhoff 微板的热弹性阻尼最大值却保持不变.     

随机振动载荷动力学等效的一种工程实现方法

利用实验室振动加载技术来等效模拟实际工况的随机振动载荷,以研究结构的振动环境适应性,是工程界通用的做法。文中讨论了随机振动载荷动力学等效的过程与方法,针对小阻尼稀疏模态结构,给出了基于结构振动响应等效的随机振动载荷等效关系的工程应用表达式和评价等效载荷对疲劳损伤影响的方法。简支梁数值模拟表明,通过文中方法设计的等效随机振动载荷,不仅可以获得变化不大的结构响应,而且疲劳损伤等效结果也可以满足工程应用精度要求。     

Damping Characterization and Viscoelastic Behavior of Laminated Polymer Matrix Composites Using a Modified Classical Lamination Theory

The damping property of materials can be defined as the ratio of dissipated energy over the total strain energy during the loading–unloading process, called the specific damping capacity (SDC). In this study, in order to characterize the damping properties of materials, a test plan in designed to extract the SDC of a single layer composite from hysteresis data. The theory of linear viscoelasticity incorporates a varying Young’s Modulus by using a complex stiffness modulus. Considering different lay-ups, the modified classical lamination plate theory is modified to represent both stiffness and SDC of laminates. The results are compared with experimental results for symmetric laminated specimen. This evaluation shows a very good agreement between theoretical and experimental results in the range of low frequency loading from 0.2 to 4 Hz. The complex compliance matrix changes the governing equation in to a complex form which contains both stiffness and damping properties.