摩擦磨损试验机设计的基础 Ⅱ.摩擦磨损试验机设计方法的研究

本讲介绍采用设计方法学的方法对摩擦磨损试验机设计进行研究的结果,建立了摩擦磨损试验机的要求明细表,功能结构图、设计模幅箱和方案评价目标树。根据本讲所阐述的方法,既可使摩擦磨损试验机的设计程序和方案评价建立在一套比较科学的和行之有效的方法上,又能作为建立摩擦磨损试验机CAD(计算机辅助设计)系统的基础。     

摩擦磨损试验机设计的基础——Ⅲ.设计方法学在摩擦磨损试验机设计中的应用

将设计方法学的一般方法应用于摩擦磨损试验机的设计,这对确定设计方案是科学的和行之有效的。本讲通过一个设计实例说明了设计方法学在摩擦磨损试验机设计中的具体应用问题,并以举例的形式详细地介绍了在方案设计阶段的各个主要工作步骤的实施方法,即建立要求明细表-功能分析-建立设计模幅箱-方案选择-方案评价。其中,关键的是进行功能分析、建立设计模幅箱和方案评价。     

利用宽带音频扫描加载实现复合材料结构质量检测的数字散斑错位术研究

本文系统地分析了数字散斑错位术相关条纹的形成机理，并结合此项技术提出一种新的加载方式——宽带音频扫描加载，同时从理论上剖析了该加载方式的可行性，从而构造出一种新的无损测试系统．采用该检测系统对带有预制不同形状和尺寸缺陷的复合材料模型进行检测验证，发现该技术使用方便，检测时不受环境的影响，可以实现现场在线原位实时检测，并能够得到非常真实的检测结果，从而可以实现更为精确的定量计算．     

南海珠江口盆地工程地质分区与评价

本文根据联合国开发计划署（UNDP）援华项目（CPR/85/044）资料撰写的。划分工程地质区及亚区的目的，在于了解区域工程地质条件的共性与差异性，以求在海洋开发中科学地利用和改造自然。本项研究是在大量地质-地球物理-土工测试基础上进行的，工作扎实，内容丰富，资料准确可靠。根据工程地质条件的相似性与差异性，将珠江口盆地划分为两个大区5个亚区，并研究了各区工程地质特征及主要问题。其中以中陆架混合土亚区工程地质条件最好，外陆架粗粒土亚区工程地质条件较好，上陆坡软土亚区工程地质条件最差，内陆架细粒土亚区和上陆架岩石、礁石亚区工程地质条件较差。本项研究成果为南海海洋开发与总体规划提供了科学依据，同时又促进了海洋工程地质科学的发展。     

Nonlinear Lamb waves in plate/shell structures

鉴于常规超声检测技术对分布式材料细微损伤和接触类结构损伤的检测效果不佳,近年来非线性超声技术逐渐引起广泛关注.超声波在板壳结构中通常以兰姆波的形式进行传播,然而由于兰姆波的频散及多模特性,使得非线性兰姆波的理论和实验研究进展缓慢.本文从经典非线性理论出发,总结了源于材料固有非线性诱发的非线性兰姆波的理论和实验两个方面的研究进展,并综述了兰姆波的二次谐波发生效应在材料损伤评价方面的若干应用;从接触声非线性理论出发,讨论了目前由于接触类结构损伤诱发的非线性兰姆波的研究现状.最后展望了非线性兰姆波的未来研究重点及发展趋势.     

长江三角洲环境地质调查评价GIS管理系统建设初探

长江三角洲是一个人口稠密、经济高度发达的地区 ,该区地质结构复杂、环境地质条件十分脆弱 ,长期以来因过量开采地下水 ,形成大面积区域性水位降落漏斗 ,诱发了相当严重的地面沉降、地裂缝等地质灾害 ,给当地经济可持续发展带来严重威胁。本文从开展长江三角洲环境地质调查评价的现实意义出发 ,探讨了长江三角洲环境地质调查评价GIS管理系统的系统目标、开发模式以及实现步骤 ,概括介绍了系统所应具有的功能 ,为长江三角洲项目信息系统建设提出了一条可行性思路。     

A Micromechanics Study of Lamellar TiAl

Microdeformation patterns of lamellar TiAl specimens with various grain sizes under uniaxial tension are mapped using the micro/nano experimental mechanics technique called SIEM (Speckle Interferometry w ith Electron Microscopy). The stress–strain relationships were obtained from deformations within decreasing areas ranging from mm² to μm². We found that the stress–strain relationship of the material depends on the size of strain measuring area in relation to the grain size. The stiffness at a grain boundary can be as large as 7–10 times more than that of the grain itself. From the data obtained so far, it seems that the traditional way of using PST (polysynthetically twinned) single crystal to predict polycrystalline behavior may not be appropriate.     

Feasibility study of propagation‐based phase‐contrast X‐ray lung imaging on the Imaging and Medical beamline at the Australian Synchrotron

Propagation‐based phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging (PB‐PCXI) using synchrotron radiation has achieved high‐resolution imaging of the lungs of small animals both in real time and in vivo. Current studies are applying such imaging techniques to lung disease models to aid in diagnosis and treatment development. At the Australian Synchrotron, the Imaging and Medical beamline (IMBL) is well equipped for PB‐PCXI, combining high flux and coherence with a beam size sufficient to image large animals, such as sheep, due to a wiggler source and source‐to‐sample distances of over 137 m. This study aimed to measure the capabilities of PB‐PCXI on IMBL for imaging small animal lungs to study lung disease. The feasibility of combining this technique with computed tomography for three‐dimensional imaging and X‐ray velocimetry for studies of airflow and non‐invasive lung function testing was also investigated. Detailed analysis of the role of the effective source size and sample‐to‐detector distance on lung image contrast was undertaken as well as phase retrieval for sample volume analysis. Results showed that PB‐PCXI of lung phantoms and mouse lungs produced high‐contrast images, with successful computed tomography and velocimetry also being carried out, suggesting that live animal lung imaging will also be feasible at the IMBL.     

Impacts of appearance parameters on perceived image quality for mobile-phone displays

In order to investigate the perceived image quality (IQ) influenced by different image appearance parameters, a psychophysical experiment was carried out on two mobile-phone displays of different technologies, the in-plane switching (IPS) and the active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED). The test images were generated within a wide range of variations by applying various manipulation methods, involving changes in several kinds of image appearance parameters, i.e. lightness, chroma, hue, and spatial frequency. The perceived attributes of naturalness, colourfulness, brightness, contrast, sharpness, clearness, preference, and overall IQ were visually assessed via categorical judgement method for several application types of test images. The impacts of the manipulation methods on individual attributes have been deeply discussed based on the interrelationships of these attributes, which reveal that the significant parameters towards better overall IQ for mobile-phone displays include high lightness, suitable chroma and lightness frequency distribution, and impartial hue, accordingly better image quality will be accomplished after all these parameters have been optimised at the same time. The achievements of this study would provide constructive instructions on achieving excellent display effects for researchers and manufactories of mobile-phone displays.     

OCT系统对人体牙齿组织的非失真成像深度的研究

利用基于蒙特卡罗方法的牙组织光学相干层析(OCT)成像模型,研究了不同牙组织的OCT非失真成像深度。通过模拟入射高斯光束以及光在牙组织中的传输,分别获得了单层牙釉质、单层牙本质以及两层牙组织结构的二维仿真OCT图像,与实验结果具有定性的一致性。通过分析二维仿真OCT图像所对应的一维OCT信号,分别得到了三种牙组织结构的平均非失真成像光学深度。研究结果表明,OCT系统对牙齿组织的非失真成像光学深度在150~2400μm之间,其中牙釉质的非失真成像深度要远大于牙本质的成像深度。所得的结果对于在实验中利用OCT图像对组织结构有效信息进行判断具有一定的参考价值。