拉曼光谱在癌症诊断中的应用

在各种疾病中癌症的死亡率居第二位。另一方面只要能早期发现和诊断,几乎所有癌症都能治疗。本文介绍拉曼光谱在癌症诊断和抗癌药物筛选中的应用,结果表明拉曼光谱可能识别恶性变化的标记物,在癌症的早期诊断中是一项有用的技术。     

Nanosecond Time-Gated Spectroscopy of Laser-Ablation Plume of Human Hair to Detect Calcium for Potential Diagnoses

We demonstrate the nanosecond time-gated spectroscopy of plume luminescence in UV laser ablation of human hair. Clear and sharp peaks of calcium ion (Ca⁺) appear in the spectrum although the Ca content is only 0.1% in human hair. Highly sensitive detection of Ca is thus possible. In the experiment, the peak intensity of Ca⁺ was measured for human hair samples of female subjects over a wide range of age, and compared to the bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae of the subjects themselves. Our experimental results suggest that this specific spectroscopy has the potential for novel diagnoses including monitoring of daily Ca intake and a screening diagnosis of osteoporosis. The spectroscopic system and time transition of plume-luminescence spectra are also described.     

建立模糊诊断矩阵的一种新方法

本文首先提出了一个新的模糊逻辑算子——模糊加权综合算子“#”,进而给出建立模糊诊断矩阵的新方法——网络法 ,并给出了相应的算法     

流产后宫内胎物组织残留的超声诊断

回顾性分析了４６例临床被证实为宫内胎物组织残留的病例。结果表明，流产后较长时间有不规则阴道流血，而作Ｂ超检查能发现特征性改变。声像图显示，子宫增大，宫内有异常光团和不规则液性暗区或宫腔局部膨隆，周边见很亮光条。认为诊断宫内残留组织，可以结合病只与声像技术较易诊断出来。本组超声诊断符合率达９８％。对减少因宫内残留造成的子宫收缩不良、不规则阴道流血等现象，避免并发感染及导致绒癌发生等不良后果，有重要的     

Polyurethane vascular prostheses in pigs

Microporous, compliant vascular prostheses made from segmented polyurethanes of various molecular stability, have been implanted in the infrarenal aorta of young pigs. Prostheses prepared from a hydrolytically suble polyetherurethane showed a limited patency up to 1 month. Composite prostheses with the wall made from a hydrolytically stable polyurethane and the lumen side prepared from a degradable polyurethane, were patent up to one year. A degradable layer of this composite prosthesis induced the growth of a neo-artery. Prostheses prepared from a degradable polyurethane alone, were substituted within 4 months with a functional neo-artery.Presented in part at the 17th International Biomaterials Symposium, San Diego, California, April 1985.     

A Small-Molecule Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Dye for in vivo NIR-IIa Fluorescence Bioimaging

Organic small-molecule fluorophores with near-infrared IIa (NIR-IIa) emission have great potential in pre-clinical detection and inoperative imaging due to the high-spatial resolution and deep penetration. However, developments of the NIR-IIa fluorophores are still facing considerable challenges. In this work, a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based fluorophores were designed and synthesized. Subsequently, nanomaterial T25@F127 with significant NIR-IIa emission properties was rationally prepared by encapsulating DPP-based fluorophore T25 , and was selected for fluorescence angiography and cerebral vascular microscopic imaging with nearly 800 μm penetrating depth and excellent signal-background ratio of 4.07 and 2.26 (at 250 and 400 μm), respectively. Furthermore, the nanomaterial T25@cRGD with tumor targeting ability can image tiny metastatic tumor on intestine with a small size of 0.3 mm×1.0 mm and high-spatial resolution (SBR=3.84). This study demonstrates that the nanomaterials which encapsulated T25 behave as excellent NIR-IIa fluorescence imaging agents and have a great potential for in vivo biological application.     

Mechanism of interaction of pressure waves at a discrete partial blockage

This paper analyses the mechanism of interaction between an incident pressure wave and blockages of different geometrical characteristics (i.e., a butterfly and a ball valves, two short stretches of pipe with a reduced diameter, and a device simulating a longitudinal body blockage) by means of laboratory and numerical tests. Experiments have shown that the mechanism of interaction with pressure waves is influenced by their path through the device: sinuous because of the device body for partially closed in-line valves (type I mechanism), and straight for the small bore pipe devices (type II mechanism). Type I mechanism is characterized by a rise followed by an almost constant value whereas in type II one a drop occurs after the rise. To complete the investigation the effect of the pre-transient condition is discussed.     

Application of nanodiamonds in human body fluid analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

Direct mass spectrometric analysis of complex biological samples is very important and challenging. In this paper, nanodiamonds have been successfully used in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of human serum and urine. As a practical tool and platform, it can be widely used in the field of humoral proteomics, and it plays a very promising role in clinical diagnosis, including identification of novel disease-associated biomarkers.     

Laser absorption spectroscopy for combustion diagnosis in reactive flows: A review

Laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) has been rapidly developed and widely applied to combustion diagnosis in recent decades. As a cost-effective tool for measuring multiple combustion parameters, LAS provides unique properties in terms of accuracy and sensitivity for understanding the reactions and kinetics in reactive flows. Line-of-sight and tomographic LAS techniques have stimulated numerous applications and been proved to be robust for in situ combustion diagnosis in uniform and non-uniform combustion fields, respectively. This review highlights the breakthroughs in the evolution of LAS techniques from the viewpoints of key principles, sensors and instrumentations developed for combustion diagnosis, with particular emphasis on a series of spatially-resolved LAS techniques with their recent applications on obtaining high-fidelity measurement results with minimal intrusion to the practical combustors. Along the way, we note some challenges and requirements for further development of the LAS-based combustion diagnosis.     

An Interpretation Architecture for Deep Learning Models with the Application of COVID-19 Diagnosis

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the threats to the world. Computed tomography (CT) is an informative tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. Many deep learning approaches on CT images have been proposed and brought promising performance. However, due to the high complexity and non-transparency of deep models, the explanation of the diagnosis process is challenging, making it hard to evaluate whether such approaches are reliable. In this paper, we propose a visual interpretation architecture for the explanation of the deep learning models and apply the architecture in COVID-19 diagnosis. Our architecture designs a comprehensive interpretation about the deep model from different perspectives, including the training trends, diagnostic performance, learned features, feature extractors, the hidden layers, the support regions for diagnostic decision, and etc. With the interpretation architecture, researchers can make a comparison and explanation about the classification performance, gain insight into what the deep model learned from images, and obtain the supports for diagnostic decisions. Our deep model achieves the diagnostic result of 94.75%, 93.22%, 96.69%, 97.27%, and 91.88% in the criteria of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, which are 8.30%, 4.32%, 13.33%, 10.25%, and 6.19% higher than that of the compared traditional methods. The visualized features in 2-D and 3-D spaces provide the reasons for the superiority of our deep model. Our interpretation architecture would allow researchers to understand more about how and why deep models work, and can be used as interpretation solutions for any deep learning models based on convolutional neural network. It can also help deep learning methods to take a step forward in the clinical COVID-19 diagnosis field.